Fauna na Australiya na musamman ne

Ofayan dalilai da yawa da suka sa Ostiraliya ta zama ƙasa mai ban sha'awa ita ce wadatar ɗabi'unta. Da Australia namun daji an hada shi ne don mafi yawan sassan halittun da ba za a iya samunsu a ko'ina cikin duniya ba. Amma akwai bayanin kimiyya game da kasancewar mutane da yawa kuma abin mamaki abubuwan duniya a cikin ƙasashen Australiya.

Asalin dabbobin Australia shine saboda dalilai biyu: ilimin kasa da yanayin kasa. Har zuwa kimanin shekaru miliyan 50 yankuna waɗanda suke cikin Australia halin yanzu an haɗa shi cikin manyan yankuna gondwana (wanda ya hada da Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, da Antarctica). Ostiraliya ta rabu da sauran filayen kuma ta kasance keɓewa. Ta wannan hanyar, dabbobi da tsire-tsire sun samo asali daban da fure da fauna na sauran duniya.

Ko da lokacin da nahiyoyin Asiya da Oceania suka yi karo da shekaru miliyan 5 da suka gabata, kadaici ya kasance. Kira Layin Wallace, wanda ya fadada ko'ina a tsibirin Austro-Indonesian, shingen yanayi ne wanda ya hana haɗuwa tsakanin fauna da ke wanzu a kowane yanki na zoogeographic.

Babban sakamakon wannan a cikin fauna shine haihuwa, a cikin tsarin dabbobi masu shayarwa, na rukunin juyin halitta daban da sauran duniyoyin: the marshkumar.

Fauna na Ostiraliya: dabbobi masu shayarwa

An raba dabbobi masu shayarwa na Australiya zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu: marshkumar y placentals. Babban banbanci shine cewa matan na farko an basu damar a jaka ko jaka a cikin abin da matasa ke rayuwa bayan haihuwa. Kangaroo, koala ko Shaidan na Tasmanian sune sanannun misalai.

Kangaroo

Lokacin da muke tunani game da fawan Ostiraliya, hoton wani kangaroo tsalle. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da doguwar jela da ƙafafu na muscular waɗanda ke ba su damar yin yawo tare da manyan tsalle. Dabbobi ne masu yawan ciyawa da al'adun gargajiya. Akwai nau'ikan da yawa (kangaroo mai launin toka, kangaroo ja, wallabee, da sauransu).

koala

Bayan dabbar kangaroo, babu shakka dabba mafi shahara a Australia kowa. Wannan ƙaramar yarinyar tana rayuwa a cikin rawanin bishiyar eucalyptus, wanda ganyensa shine babban abincinsa. Koalas suna zaune a gabashin tsibirin. Babban fasalin jikinsu shine manyan kunnuwansu da kuma shirya yatsun ƙafafunsu, tare da manyan yatsu biyu masu adawa, wanda ke basu damar riƙe rassan bishiyoyi da kyau. Tasirin sa da kuma "teddy bear" ya sanya shi shahara tsakanin yara.

Shaidan Tasmaniyya

Ita ce mafi girman dabbobi masu shayarwa a Ostiraliya. Mafarauci ne, mai lalata abubuwa kuma yana da saurin fushi. Fitowarta irin ta ƙaramin kare ne mai baƙar fata, tare da manyan muƙamuƙai wanda ya zama kamar icen hyena. Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, yana zaune cikin Tsibirin Tasmania, kodayake har zuwa onlyan ƙarni kaɗan da suka gabata ya yadu ko'ina cikin Australiya.

Gone

Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, yana da kyau a nuna cin abinci, wanda ake kira kerkeci na Australiya. An yi imanin cewa wannan canid ya isa tsibirin-nahiyar kimanin shekaru 5.000 da suka gabata. Tana zaune galibi a arewacin ƙasar, ban da wasu yankuna na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Da yake sun fi kerkvesci da yawa, waɗannan dabbobin ba su iya zama na gida ba. Aya daga cikin siffofin rarrabuwa da yanayin halittar jikin mutum shine doguwar hancinsa. Wannan nau'in shine wanzuwa ga halaka, kodayake ba ta hanyar tsanantawar mutane ba, amma ta ci gaba da babu makawa haɗuwa tare da wasu nau'o'in ƙwayoyin canine.

Sauran shahararrun dabbobi masu shayarwa sune tsugunne, bera wanda yake zaune a yankunan dazuzzuka da wombat, wanda yayi kama da ƙaramin beyar.

Fauna na Ostiraliya: Tsuntsaye

Daga cikin tsuntsayen Ostiraliya, yawancin nau'ikan parrots kazalika da ƙananan tsuntsayen daji kamar su Australiya robin ko tsuntsayen lere. Hakanan akwai mahimman tsuntsayen ganima irin su gaggafa. Kuma a tsakanin tsuntsayen teku, mafi mahimmancin nau'ikan tare da pelikan Australiya da kuma penguin mai shuɗi, nau'ikan penguin kadai da ke sauka a bakin tekun Ostiraliya.

Da tsuntsaye marasa tashi, wasu manya. Da emu Ita ce tsuntsu na biyu mafi girma a duniya, jimina ce kawai ta fi girmanta. Tare da shi, zai iya yin gudu da sauri sosai. Emus na manya zai iya auna zuwa santimita 130 kuma ya auna fiye da kilogiram 40. Lumbanta launin toka ne.Yana da samfuran sama da 700.000 warwatse ko'ina cikin ƙasar.

Amphibians, kifi da dabbobi masu rarrafe na dabbobin Ostiraliya

Mosaic mai ban sha'awa na fauna na Australiya ya kammala ta yawancin jinsunan amphibians (musamman kwadi) da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Daga karshen, yana da kyau a nuna yawancin nau'in macizai mai guba, da macizai da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan kwalliya. Har ila yau, a bakin tekun Ostiraliya akwai nau'ikan da yawa na azabar (kunkuru, kore, mai kaushi da sauransu). Da kadangaru su ma suna da yawa sosai. Daga yawancin nau'ikan jinsin ya zama dole a ambaci moloch, da ƙaton saka idanu ƙadangare ko zardadangare mai launin shuɗi.

Emarshe ma na kowa ne tsakanin kifin Australiya, musamman wadanda ke rayuwa a cikin koguna da tabkunan kasar. A gefe guda kuma, nau'in halittun ruwa kusan iri daya ne da ake iya samu a ruwan Kudancin Asiya da kowane yanki na Tekun Fasifik.

Farin ciki

A ƙarshe, jinsin da, saboda keɓancewarsa, ya cancanci wani babi na daban: the ornritrinco. An bayyana shi sau da yawa azaman ɗayan dabbobin mafi ban mamaki a duniya. Ainihin shine mafi wakilcin rukunin dabbobi da ake kira manyan, wanda ke da halaye irin na dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Misali: suna da gashi amma haifuwarsu tana da yawa (suna yin kwai). Akwai wasu nau'ikan halittu masu girman gaske, amma babu kamar wannan.

Daga cikin wasu kebantattun abubuwa, platypus mai guba ne, yana da hanci a cikin siffar duckbill, jelarsa tana kama da ta beaver kuma ƙafafunta kamar na otter ne. A karo na farko da cushe samfurin wannan dabba ya isa Turai, ana tunanin jabu ne.

A kowane hali, dabba ce da Australiya suka fi so (har ma ta bayyana akan tsabar cent 20), wanda kuma yana da kariya ta musamman.