Yankin Austriya na yanzu yana da tarihin dubun dubatar cikin wayewa. A zamanin da akwai ƙasashen Austria Sun kasance suna da yawa daga kabilu daban-daban na asalin Celtic, da farko waɗanda ake kira Illyrians sannan kuma kabilun Celtic daga arewa. Illyrians sun fito daga Epirus zuwa bakin Tekun Baltic, daga inda yake yanzu Switzerland zuwa Poland. Kodayake sun yi tafiya a wurare da yawa, a cikin Ostireliya na Upper sun ci gaba sosai, tsakanin ƙarshen Zamanin Tagulla da farkon rabin ƙarfe. Sun kasance cikin fashin teku kuma Romawa suka yaƙe su kuma suka ci su.
Romawa ne suka yi ikirarin mulkin Celtic na noricum mai da shi lardi daga 15 BC Akwai wata ka'ida da ke cewa Romawa sun sanya Latin a matsayin Noricum wani tsohon suna na Celtic, Norig (ba a matsayin "gabas") ba kuma cewa a nan ne sunan yanzu na Austria / Osterreich ya fito. Lokacin da daular Rome ta fara samun koma baya, barewa, Goth, Hun, Vandal da Lombard sun fara bi ta kan iyakoki kuma lokacin da ta faɗi daidai sai yankin ya cika da Avars, Slavs da Bavaria.
A cikin karnonin da suka gabata Bavaria suka fara gangarowa zuwa Danube kuma suka hau Alps kuma a cikin wannan aikin ne Austria ta zama ƙasar masu jin Jamusanci. 'Yan Carolingian sun mamaye su, suna yin duchy na Mai Tsarki Roman Empire kuma ya kasance a tsakiyar zamanai daular Carolingian da ta mamaye yankin. Da farko dai Babenbergs ne suka karɓi iko sannan kuma Hapsburgko kuma sun kasance tare da shi na tsawon ƙarni, har zuwa ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na .aya.