Brasilia, birni mai shiri

- Brasilia, babban birnin ƙasar Brazil, an ƙaddamar da shi ne a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1960, a yankin tsakiyar ƙasar. Shekaru biyar kawai kafin haka, yankin ya zama kamar hamada, ba tare da mutane ba, tare da ƙarancin ruwa, ƙarancin dabbobi da tsire-tsire.

Har Shugaban Kasa - Juscelino Kubitschek, wanda ya zama shugaban kasa a 1956, ya gayyaci mafi kyawun gine-ginen Brazil don gabatar da ayyukan don sabon babban birnin.

Oscar Niemeyer, a halin yanzu ɗayan mashahuran gine-gine ne a duniya, shine babban mai ginin wanda ya sami damar haɗa madaidaiciyar siffofi da zagaye don ƙirƙirar sabbin fasahohin fasaha. Duk da yake Lucio Costa, mai tsara shirin birane na Brazil, ya kirkiro shimfida shimfida hada abubuwa cikin sauki da aiki.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Brasilia birni ne da aka tsara aka kirkireshi don ya zama babban birnin Brazil wanda ya rufe murabba'in kilomita 5.802 (kilomita murabba'in 2,204.2) a tsakiyar yankin Planalto, a matsakaicin tsawan mita 1.172 (ƙafa 3.845) sama da matakin teku. Tana da yawan mutane kusan miliyan 3, kuma ita ce birni na huɗu mafi girma a cikin Brazil.

Historia

Kafa Brasilia ya cika wata kasida a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Brazil wanda ya fara daga 1891, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa dole ne a sauya babban birnin Brazil daga Rio de Janeiro zuwa wani sabon wuri a tsakiyar kasar.

Tun farko an kirkiro wannan ra'ayin tun a farko, a 1827, wanda ya ba da shawara ga Emperor Don Pedro I kan wannan shirin. Manufar ita ce a matsar da babban birnin zuwa cikin, wanda zai taimaka wajen sake rarraba yawan mutanen Brazil.

Birnin Brasilia ya bunkasa da sauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani, har ya zuwa cewa dole ne a yi gyare-gyare tare da tsarin asali. A cikin shirin na asali, titunan ba za su sami alamun zirga-zirga ba. A yau wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, kuma kamar manyan biranen da yawa a Brazil, Brasilia tana da nata rarar cinkoson ababen hawa da matsalolin filin ajiye motoci.

Game da yanayi, Brasilia tana da yanayin savanna mai zafi. Yanayin zafin jiki daidai yake a duk shekara, kodayake watan mafi zafi yakan zama watan Satumba, wanda ke yin matsakaiciyar darajar 28 ° C (82 ° F). A gefe guda, Yuni da Yuli suna da ƙarancin matsakaicin ƙarancin ƙasa, a 11 ° C (52 ° F).

Watannin da suka fi damuna a Brasilia daga Nuwamba ne zuwa Janairu, tare da cikakken damina na Disamba na kusan 24 cm (inci 9,4).