Masana sikari a Colombia

Masana sikari shine sunan da aka san shi a ciki Colombia ga tsohuwar tsohuwar mulkin mallaka da ke da kayan aiki don sarrafa sandar sukari. A cikinsu ba kawai an samu sukari ba, amma har da rum, giya da sauran kayayyaki.

Waɗannan wuraren, waɗanda aka adana su da zamani, suna aiki har yanzu. A cikin kasar akwai matatun sukari goma sha uku waɗanda suke cikin Cauca kwarin kogi, inda kusan duk sukarin da Colombia ke samarwa.

Tarihin injinan sukari

Duk da yake rake Ba amfanin gona bane na Amurka, an gabatar dashi a cikin sabuwar duniya ta Mutanen Espanya da Fotigal. Ba da daɗewa ba aka tabbatar da cewa ƙasa da yanayin wasu yankuna na Tsakiyar Amurka sun dace da haɓakar wannan tsiron.

Da yawa sosai a yau ƙasashen Amurkan suna cikin manyan masu samar da sukari a duniya, tare da Brasil zuwa kai.

A ƙarni na farko na mamayar Sifen, ana sarrafa sukari a cikin manyan injinan da ake kira injin niƙa. Bayan haka a waɗannan wuraren an faɗaɗa su kuma an inganta su tare da gabatar da injinan sukari, waɗanda tuni suke aiki a cikin Tsibirin Canary tun karni na XNUMX.

Kwalambiya tana samar da sukari sama da tan miliyan 2 a kowace shekara, wanda aka samo daga kusan tan miliyan 22 na kara. Babban adadi, amma har yanzu yana nesa da tan miliyan 35 da Brazil ta samar. Har ila yau kusan lita miliyan 400 na giya mai ana sarrafawa a matatun mai na sukari.

Samar da sukarin Colombia

Yankunan Sugar

da sassan Cauca, Valle del Cauca da Risaralda yi yankin da ke da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban sukari. Waɗannan yanayi suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna ci gaba da ɓullowa a cikin shekara, yanayin yanayi mai kyau tsakanin dare da rana, wadataccen ruwa, isasshen tsarin ruwan sama da ƙasa mai wadata.

Wannan yana ba da izini a cikin Colombia ana iya gudanar da noman rake a ci gaba cikin shekara kuma ba lokaci ba, kamar yadda lamarin yake a sauran duniya. Wannan keɓancewar ta sanya kwarin Kogin Cauca ɗayan mafi kyawun yankuna na sukari a duniya.

Zuwa waɗannan kyawawan halaye masu kyau na yankin sukari na Kolombiya dole ne a ƙara haɓakar fasaha ta haɓaka ta Cibiyar Binciken Sugar, wanda ke aiki tare da gudummawar duk masu shuka da masarufi a ƙasar.

A cikin Valle del Cauca akwai kusan Hekta 230.000 na noman rake. Waɗannan gonakin suna ba da injinan sukari na yankin: Cabaña, Carmelita, Manuelita, María Luisa, Mayagüez, Pichichí, Risaralda, Sancarlos, Tumaco, Ríopaila-Castilla, Incauca da Providencia.

Biyar daga cikin wadannan masana'antun guda goma sha uku (musamman na Incauca, Manuelita, Providencia, Mayagüez da Risaralda) suma sun haɗa matattara don samar da barasar mai.

Tsarin samarwa

Da zarar an girbe rake, ana kai shi zuwa injinan sikari, inda aikinta zai fara bin masu zuwa matakai:

1. Cire ruwan 'ya'yan itace (wanda ake kira guarapo).
2. Tsarkakewa da maida hankali. Sharar da sakamakon wannan aikin yayi amfani dashi azaman takin gargajiya.
3. Mai ladabi da bushe, don ba wurin syrup.
4. Cire kirji, jefawa da ƙarfafuwa don kawar da ƙazantar ƙazanta.
5. Marufi da adanawa.

Baki daya, kasar na samar da sukari sama da tan miliyan 2 a kowace shekara daga kimanin tan miliyan 22 na sukari da kuma lita miliyan 390 na giya mai ƙaddara za a haɗa shi da mai. Yayin aiki, shima ana samar dashi ethanol, panelas da honeys. Tare da ragowar ɓangaren ƙaƙƙarfan sandar, an kuma ƙera ta ɓangaren litattafan almara don takarda.

Yawancin kayan aikin an tsara su ne zuwa kasuwannin cikin gida, kodayake a cikin recentan shekarun nan Colombia tana fitar da fiye da tan 600.000 na sukari a kowace shekara, galibi zuwa Chile, Peru, Amurka, Mexico da Bolivia.

Sugar a cikin tattalin arzikin Colombia

Sugar yana da muhimmin nauyi a cikin tattalin arzikin Colombia. Masana’antar sikari na daukar dubban mutane aiki a yankin. A gefe guda, sukari shine albarkatun ƙasa don samfuran masana'antu da yawa a wannan ƙasar.

Koyaya, sukari a halin yanzu batun rikici ne saboda dalilai daban-daban:

A gefe guda, da kudin samarwa na sukarin Colombia ya fi na sauran ƙasashe yawa. Wannan yana haifar da asarar gasa da matsaloli da yawa yayin fitarwa samfurin.

Wata matsalar ita ce ta yanayin aiki na masu yankan, ma’aikatan da ke kula da girbin sandar sukari na masana’antun sikari, wadanda aka yi ta korafi da yawa.

Wannan halin da ake ciki ya kara rikitarwa ta hanyar yawan sabani a kan Illolin tasirin Sugar wuce gona da iri a cikin 'Yan Adam. Matsayi na zamantakewa da kiwon lafiya ya bayyana a cikin ƙaruwar haraji akan ɓangaren da aiwatar da sabbin tsarin kula da inganci.