Yankin archaeological na Tierradentro, a cikin Cauca

Oneaya daga cikin manyan taskokin wayewar pre-Columbian a Colombia yana cikin Tierradentro National Archaeological Park. Wannan UNESCO ta ayyana wannan wurin adana kayan tarihi a shekarar 1995 kuma yana cikin Ma'aikatar Cauca, musamman a cikin ƙananan hukumomin Belalcázar da Inzá.

Babban burbushin suna tattara a kusa da garin Saint Andrew na Pisimbala, wani yanki ne na rikitarwa topology inda duwatsu da koguna na halitta suka yawaita. An yi la'akari da wurin shakatawa kamar daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi guda bakwai na Colombia.

Gano kayan tarihi

Kodayake Mutanen Espanya sun riga sun samo abubuwa da sauran abubuwan tsohuwar wayewar kai a yankin Tierradentro a lokacin mulkin mallaka, za a iya gano gaskiyar abin da aka gano a shekarar 1936. A lokacin ne likitan Karin Navia, Gwamnan Ma'aikatar Cauca, ya ƙaddamar da binciken kimiyya na farko na yankin.

Georg burg Shi masanin kimiyyar kasa ne wanda ya jagoranci binciken fitattun wuraren na yankin Tierradentro, saboda taimakon da ba a bayarwa na manoma a yankin. Don haka, an gano abubuwa da yawa, abubuwan tarihi da wurare.

Tare da aiki mai kyau da tsari, Burg ya zagaya kwarin kogin yankin, ya gudanar da rami, ya bi hanyar daji, ya kuma yi cikakken bayani taswirar kayan tarihi na yankin.

Gina kan aikin Burg, tawagogi daban-daban na masu binciken kayan tarihi sun ci gaba da bincika yankin da gano wurare da yawa na kayan tarihin har yau.

Shafukan tarihi na Tierradentro

A kan hanyar da ta haɗu da garuruwan San Andrés de Pisimbalá da Neiva akwai hanyoyin shiga manyan wuraren tarihi na Tierradentro. Duk yankin mun samu kaburbura ko hypogeakazalika da mutum-mutumin dutse.

An tsara wurin shakatawa na kayan tarihi kusa da manyan yankuna biyar:

• Tsawon Avocado.
• Babban birnin San Andres.
• Hill na Segovia.
• Elf Height.
• Tsarin.

Baya ga waɗannan wuraren yana da daraja a ziyarci gidajen tarihi biyu na Tierradentro: kayan tarihi da ilimin al'adu. Dukansu suna cikin garin San Andrés.

Hypogea

Fiye da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a, Tierradentro ya kasance mai girma necropolis wanda ya mamaye yanki mai girman murabba'in kilomita dubu biyu. Kaburburan suna wurare da yawa, mafi wakilci shine na Segovia. Wadannan dakunan binnewa da aka tono a cikin dutse sama da shekaru 2.000 da suka gabata sun isa gare mu cikin cikakken yanayi.

Hypogea yana ba da shaida ga wayewa (wanda aka yi masa baftisma a matsayin "al'adun Tierradentro"), wanda ya ɗauki mutuwa a matsayin wani matakin rayuwa. Bin wadannan zanen bango da kuma jana'izar trousseau samu a cikinsu an gano cewa a ciki suka faru bukukuwan addini mai alaƙa da wucewa zuwa lahira.

Yawancin kaburburan an sace su shekaru da yawa kafin zuwan Turawa. Baitulmalin da aka adana a yau a cikin gidajen kayan tarihi kaɗan ne kawai daga asalin asalin waɗannan wuraren.

A cikin Tierradentro akwai rajistar hypogea daidai 162, wasu daga cikinsu sun kai girman girma har zuwa mita 12 fadi.

Gumaka da kayan tarihi

Manyan kuma suna jawo hankalin matafiya. gumakan dutse waɗanda aka tashe su a yankin, fiye da 500. Yawancinsu sun ɓoye a cikin daji kuma ba su sake ganin haske ba har zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na XNUMX.

Wadannan mutum-mutumi sun bayyana suna wakilta jarumi, kodayake yawancinsu suna zoomorphic. An sassaka su da cikakkun bayanai da ma'ana. Wasu daga cikinsu sun wuce mita bakwai a tsayi. Zai yuwu cewa aikinsu shine suyi aiki a matsayin "waliyyan" kaburbura.

Abin mamaki, Juan de Gertrudis asalin, dan kasar Spain na farko da ya gano wadannan mutum-mutumin a shekarar 1757, ya bayyana su a matsayin "Sahihan aiki Iblis". A halin yanzu, an kafa gumaka don hana sata.

Bayan kaburbura da mutummutumai, wannan wayewar kafin Columbian ya bar mana misalai da yawa na kwarewar sa a aikin zinare. Gidajen adana kayan tarihi suna nuna mundaye na zinare da masks waɗanda ake zaton anyi amfani dasu a al'adunsu. Ana nuna mafi ban mamaki a cikin kyakkyawan Bogotá Gidan Tarihi na Zinare.

Ziyarci Tierradentro Park

Har zuwa kwanan nan kwanan nan ba shi yiwuwa ziyarci Tierradentro Archaeological Park. Akwai gagarumin aiki na 'yan daba a cikin wannan yankin (FARC ne ke iko da yawancin yankin).

Abin farin ciki, wannan yanayin ya canza kuma a yau Tierradentro ya karɓi ziyara daga yawon buɗe ido da ɗaliban ilimin kimiyyar kayan tarihi. Ziyara mai mahimmanci a cikin Colombia don duk mai son son tarihi.

Samun damar zuwa wurin shakatawa ya biya 35.000 pesos na Colombia (kimanin euro 8). Akwai farashi na musamman ga ɗalibai, waɗanda suka yi ritaya da kuma mambobin asalin yankin. Yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 16 na iya shiga kyauta. Farashin tikitin don yawon bude ido da baƙi na ƙasashen waje ya kai euro dubu 50.000 (kimanin Yuro 11,5).