Kyakkyawa al'adu ce, abin da ke da kyau a yau bai da kyau a da ba, abin da zai kasance kyakkyawa a cikin karni na iya zama ya sha bamban da abin da muke ɗauka ta wannan hanyar a yau. Amma gaskiya ne cewa a yau al'adun gargajiya na yau da kullun ana sarrafa su ta hanyar abin da tsoffin Girkawa suka ɗauka da cancantar kyau. Ee, cikakken haifaffen jiki da kyakkyawa an haifeshi ne a Girka ta gargajiya.
Zamuyi magana a yau, game da asalin kyau a duniyarmu: Girka ta gargajiya. A can, karnonin da suka gabata, an haife ƙa'idodinmu masu ɗorewa na cikakke jiki da kyau.
Girka ta gargajiya
Wannan shine sunan lokacin a tarihin Girka wanda, gabaɗaya maganarsa yake tsakanin karni na XNUMX da na XNUMX BC. daga C. Lokaci ne na kyawawan dabi'un Girkanci da darajan al'adu. Wannan kwarjini ya kasance sananne musamman a sassaka, wanda ya aza harsashin wannan fasaha tun daga lokacin.
Helenawa sun kalli jikin kuma wannan, idan yana da kyau, suna nuna kyakkyawan ciki. Kalmar duka halayen biyu, kamar bangarorin biyu na tsabar kuɗi ɗaya, ya kasance maimunatu: kyakkyawa daga ciki kuma kyakkyawa a waje. Musamman idan ya kasance saurayi.
Wannan layin tunani an bayyana shi a cikin sassaka, tunanin cewa an sami kyakkyawan saurayi sau uku, saboda kyawun sa, da hankalin sa, da kuma ƙaunatattun alloli. An daɗe ana tunanin cewa siffofin wannan lokacin suna wakiltar wannan ra'ayin, abin burgewa, sha'awa, amma gaskiyar ita ce, an samo ƙira, don haka a yau an san cewa Waɗannan kyawawan zane-zanen da aka yi tsakanin ƙarni na XNUMX da na XNUMX BC sun dogara ne da ainihin mutane.
Wani mutum an lulluɓe shi da filastar kuma daga baya an yi amfani da abin moƙolin don zana hoton. Helenawa, muna magana game da maza sun daɗe a dakin motsa jiki (Idan sun kasance masu wadata kuma suna da lokaci kyauta, a bayyane yake). Matsakaicin Atheniya ko ɗan ƙasar Spartan yana da jiki kamar sassaka kamar samfurin Versace: kunkuntar kugu, baya, karamin azzakari da fatar mai ...
Wannan game da maza, amma menene kyakkyawan kyawun Girkawa na mata? Da kyau, daban. Idan kyau a cikin namiji ya kasance ni'ima ne, a wurin mace abu ne mara kyau. Kyakkyawan mace ta kasance daidai da matsala. Kallon kakon, abu mai kyau da mara kyau, ana iya fassara shi. Matar tana da kyau domin tana da kyau kuma tana da kyau saboda tana da kyau. Wannan layin tunani.
Kuma ga alama kuma kyakkyawa ya nuna gasar: akwai gasar sarauniyar kyau da ake kira callistia, a cikin abin da abubuwan suka faru a tsibirin Lesbos da Tenedos inda aka yanke hukunci kan girlsan matan. Misali, anyi gasa don girmama Aphrodite Kallipugos da kyawawan gindi. Akwai labarin da ke tattare da neman shafin da za a gina mata haikalin a Sicily wanda a karshe aka yanke hukunci tsakanin gindin 'ya'yan manoma mata biyu: wanda ya yi nasara ya zabi wurin ne don gina haikalin, saboda kawai tana da jaki mafi kyau.
Cikakkiyar kyakkyawa
Me ake tsammani kyakkyawa a Girka ta gargajiya? Dangane da zane-zane da zane-zane, ana iya yin taƙaitaccen jerin abubuwan da tsoffin Girkawa suka ɗauka a matsayin kyakkyawan jiki: kuncin ya zama ruwan hoda (na wucin gadi ko na halitta), dole ne a aske gashin ko kuma a shirya shi cikin birgima, ya kamata fatar ta bayyana y dole ne idanuwa su kasance da gashin ido.
Kammalallen jikin mace ya zama na kwatangwalo masu kauri da hannaye farare, wanda sau da yawa da gangan an goge su da foda. Idan matar ta kasance mai jan gashi, taya murna. Yana iya zama cewa a tsakiyar zamanai masu launin ja yana da mafi munin hasara, ta hanyar maita da waɗancan abubuwan ban mamaki, amma a Girka ta gargajiya an bauta musu. Yaren masu launin fata? Ba su da wani mummunan lokaci su ma. A takaice, baiwar Allah Aphrodite ko Helen na Troy sun kasance daidai da yanayin kyakkyawa.
Tunanin ƙyallen kwatangwalo da farar fata a zahiri an kiyaye shi ƙarnuka da yawa: jiki mai ƙarfi yana da ma'ana tare da abinci mai kyau don haka, rayuwa mai kyau. Farin fata yana da ma'ana, bi da bi, tare da ba bawa ba ko yin aiki a waje amma cikin gida.
Amma fa, kamar yau, kasancewa kyakkyawa da cikakkiyar jiki ya ƙunshi sadaukarwa. 'Yan kaɗan ne aka haifa da sandar sihiri. Sha'awar sanya fata ta zama fari, ko kuma sanya shi fari, ya sa mata yin amfani da hanyoyin da ka iya shafar lafiyar su.
Ofaya daga cikin tsoffin tsokaci game da kayan shafawa a zamanin da shine daidai daga wancan lokacin. Falsafan Girkanci Teofastus de Eresos yayi haka lokacin da yake bayanin yadda suka yi a kirim mai tsami ko kakin zuma. Babu shakka, gubar ya kasance kuma ya kasance mai guba.
Amfani da kayan shafa Ya yadu a cikin aji na sama tunda komai yayi amfani da shi don amfani da kyau, amma akwai hanyoyi da yawa. Karuwai suna da nasu kuma matan dangin kirki, wani. Ya isa a ga yadda aka tsara matar don rarrabe ta, tunda na farkon sun yi amfani da idanun da suka fi ɗorawa da leɓuna masu haske, gashi mai rina da ƙarin tufafi masu tsoro. Kamar yadda aka saba.
Menene waɗannan salon gyara gashi a cikin Girka ta gargajiya? Misalai mafi tsufa na salon gyara gashi a cikin matan Girkanci suna nuna su da braids, da yawa da kanana. Idan muka kalli tukwane, misali, zaku iya ganin wannan salon, amma a bayyane tare da shudewar lokaci yanayin ya canza.
Da alama a kusan ƙarni na XNUMX maimakon sanya gashin kansu sai suka fara sanya shi a ɗaure, yawanci a cikin impeller. Sun kuma yi amfani kayan kwalliya da ado daban-daban kamar kayan ado ko wani abu don nuna dukiyar iyali. Shin gajeren gashi? Haka ne, amma ya kasance daidai da baƙin ciki ko ƙananan matsayin jama'a.
Tabbas, ga alama haske gashi ya fi duhu daraja, don haka ya kasance al'ada amfani da ruwan tsami ko lemun tsami don bayyana shi hade da rana. Kuma idan suna son curls, sun yi su kuma sun jiƙa su da ƙudan zuma don yin gyaran gashi ya daɗe. Kuma game da gashin jiki? Shin matan Girka suna da gashi kamar na mata koyaushe har zuwa ƙarni na XNUMX?
Cire gashi ya zama gama gari kuma a zahiri, ba wai kawai tsakanin Helenawa ba har ma da sauran al'adu. A wancan lokacin, a cikin Girka ta gargajiya, rashin gashi yana cikin yanayi, kodayake akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da yadda suka sami nasarar cire gashi. An ce an kona gashin jama'a da wuta ko aski da reza.
Don haka idan mace tayi tafiya cikin lokaci yau, Waɗanne kayayyaki ne ba za a rasa daga teburin sutturarku ba? Man zaituna don busassun fata kuma idan an saka shi da ganye mai ƙanshi kamar yadda yake ba da ƙanshi ga jiki ko gashi; miel a kayan shafe shafe, beeswax hade da ruwan fure da jerin turare wadanda aka hada su da mayuka masu maiko da mai da furanni masu kamshi, ci ga idanuwa, gashin ido da gira da sauran ma'adanai wadanda, idan aka nika su, sai su zama inuwa da kura.
Gaskiya daya: da gira daya An samu wannan ta hanyar zana layin da gawayi ko, idan bai isa ba, sai su manna gashin dabba da kanin kayan lambu.
Cikakken jiki
Gaskiya ne A cikin Girka ta gargajiya, masu zane-zane sun sake bayyana ma'anar kyakkyawa ta jiki ga maza da mata ƙirƙira ra'ayin na "Jiki mai kyau." Jikin mutum ya kasance, a gare su, abin jin daɗin jin daɗi ne da bayyanar da hankali na hankali.
Helenawa sun fahimci cewa kamala ba ta cikin yanayi, ana bayar da ita ne ta hanyar fasaha. Don haka akwai ra'ayin cewa sassaka jiki tsarkakakken zane ne. A sama mun faɗi cewa masu sassaka Girkawa sun yi amfani da ƙirar gaske, gaskiya ne, amma wani lokacin ba samfurin guda ɗaya ba ne, amma da yawa. Misali, hannayen daya, kan wani. Don haka, kyakkyawan yabo a wancan zamanin shine a gayawa wani saurayi cewa yayi kama da sassaka.
Idan Aphrodite shine mafi kyawun kyawawan mata, Heracles shine manufa ta cikakkiyar jikin namiji. Dan wasa, babban mutum, wakiltar jima'i da sha'awa. Kamar yau tare da jarfa, da kayan fasaha da kuma daga nauyi, sannan nima ina kallon jikin wasu da nawa.
Ayyukan Girka sun fi mai da hankali kan nau'in namiji fiye da na mata kuma yana da ban sha'awa don ganin yadda, lokaci bayan lokaci, zane-zane ya bi hanyar da ba ta dace ba, yana mai da hankali ga mata fiye da na maza. Bari muyi tunani game da Zamani na Tsakiya, Tsarin Renaissance ko siffofin Baroque.
A cikin tunani, muhawara game da jiki da kyan gani koyaushe suna cikin haske. Tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yau, daga Nefertiti da Aphrodite, zuwa ga matan Rubens, Marilyn Monroe, kyawawan halayen '90s da mashahuran karni na XNUMX tare da taɓa filastik, muna ci gaba da yin la'akari da yanayin jikin mutum wanda yake ƙari ga wanin fiye da kanmu.
Don haka, yanzu kun sani, lokaci na gaba da za ku ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya kuma ku haɗu da zane-zane na gargajiya, duba sosai a jikin waɗannan jikin da na mutanen da ke motsa ku. Tambayar ita ce, yaushe za mu yarda da irin wannan da irin wannan yanayin ya sanya mu?