Dutch gine-gine

Yawon shakatawa na Holland

Babban lokaci na farko na gine gine ya kasance a lokacin Yaren mutanen Dutch Golden Age daga farkon karni na 17. Saboda wadatattun biranen tattalin arziki ya habaka sosai.

An gina sabbin zauruka da wuraren adana kaya. Mercan kasuwar da suka yi arziƙi sun ba da umarnin sabbin gidajen da aka gina tare da ɗayan sabbin hanyoyin ruwa da aka haƙa a ciki da kewayen birane da garuruwa daban-daban (don tsaro da dalilan jigilar kaya) da kuma gidaje masu kyan gani wanda ya amfani sabon yanayin.

An gina sabbin gidajen ƙasa a ƙauye, kodayake ba a cikin lambobi iri ɗaya ba. Wasu sanannun gine-gine na lokacin sune Jacob van Campen (1595-1657), Lieven de Keys (c. 1560-1627), da Hendrik de Keyser (1565-1621).

A ƙarshen karni na 19 akwai wani sanannen Neo-Gothic ko Neo-Gothic na yanzu, duka a cikin coci da kuma cikin gine-ginen jama'a, musamman na Katolika Pierre Cuypers, wanda Faransanci Viollet -le- Duc ya yi wahayi. Rijksmuseum a Amsterdam (1876-1885) da Amsterdam Central Station (1881-1889) suna cikin manyan gine-ginenta.

A lokacin karni na 20 gine-ginen Yaren mutanen Holland suka taka rawar gani a ci gaban gine-ginen zamani. Daga farkon karni na 20 tsarin gine-ginen Berlage, maginin gidan Beurs van Berlage, kungiyoyi uku sun bunkasa a lokacin 1920s, kowannensu yana da mahangar ra'ayinsa ta inda ya kamata tsarin gine-ginen zamani ya dosa.

Daga cikin magina masu bayyana ra'ayi M. De Klerk da PJ Kramer a Amsterdam (Dubi Makarantar Amsterdam) kuma daga cikin masu aikin Mart Mart, LC van der Vlugt, Willem Marinus Dudok da Johannes Duiker waɗanda ke da kyakkyawar dangantaka da ƙungiyar CIAM ta zamani.

A tsakanin shekarun 50 zuwa 60 sabon ƙarni na magina kamar Aldo van Eyck, JB Bakema da Herman Hertzberger, waɗanda ake kira da 'Generation Forum' (sunan mujallar da ake kira Forum) sun haɗu da ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar Team 10.

Daga 80s zuwa yanzu, Rem Koolhaas da Ofishinsa na Gine-ginen Gine-gine (OMA) sun zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan gine-ginen duniya. Tare da shi ya kafa sabon ƙarni na masu zane-zanen Dutch waɗanda ke aiki da al'adun zamani.


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