Maroko, a arewa maso yammacin Afirka, ƙofa ce ta zuwa ga Afirka ga yawancin Turawa, tunda kyawawan dabi'unta da yanayin birni da kauyukanta na ban mamaki sun zama wurin ishara ga yawon bude ido na duniya.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi magana game da labarin kasa na Maroko, musamman ma yadda yake magana da manyan koguna da tsaunuka da ke cike wannan yanki mai ban mamaki na bakin tekun Afirka.
Yankin kasa Maroko tana da jeri jeri hudu:
- da Rif,
- tsakiyar Atlas,
- Grand Atlas da
- da Antiatlas.
Dutse mafi tsayi shi ne Toubkal, wanda ke da sama da mita dubu 4.000 na tsawo. Tsakanin Rif da Middle Atlas akwai kwarin Sebu, ɗayan ɗayan kwari masu ni'ima a Maroko kuma ɗayan cibiyoyin samar da kayan noma a yankin.
Babban kogunan sune: Sebu, Muluya, Oum Er-Rbia, Tensift, Sus da Draa.
Da sannu kaɗan zan bayyana muku wasu sirrikan da abubuwan al'ajabi na tsaunuka da koguna na Maroko.
Rif
Yanki ne da a ke haɗe da tsaunuka da wuraren kore, tare da bakin teku a kan Bahar Rum. A al'adance ya kasance kebabben wuri ne da rashin galihu. Mazaunansa Berber ne ko Amaziges, da Larabawa, a zahiri Bature da yawa Lokacin da Turawa suka ziyarci Rif, suna mamakin bayyanar jikin mazaunanta, saboda yawancinsu suna da bayyanar Turai, daidaikun mutane masu fata mai haske, shuɗi idanu, launin toka ko shuɗi da furfura ko jan gashi. A tsarin mulki, ya hada da larduna shida na Morocco: Alhuceima, Nador, Uchda, Driouch, Berkane da Taza da kuma garin Melilla na Spain mai cin gashin kansa.
Wannan tsaunin tsaunin bashi da tsawo sosai, iyakar tsawansa bai wuce mita 2.000 baBabban taronsa shine Tidirhin, wanda tsayinsa yakai mita 2.452 kuma yana cikin yankin Retama.
ban mamaki rairayin bakin teku na gabar Rif, a gindin tsaunuka, sun fi kyau a Morocco, abin da ya sa suka zama wani muhimmin jan hankalin ‘yan yawon bude ido.
Tsakiyar Atlas
Ana kiran wannan yanki da Switzerland ta Maroko tunda a tsaunin tsauninsa akwai wasu ƙananan garuruwa masu tsayi-matsakaiciya, galibi Berber a bayyane.. Tsakiyar Atlas ita ce 18% na tsaunukan ƙasar Morocco, wanda ya kai kilomita 350, tsakanin Rif da High Atlas. Extensionarinsa ya mamaye lardunan Khénifra, Ifrane, Boulmane, Sefrou, El Hajeb, da wani yanki na lardin Taza da Beni Mellal.
A cikin Atlas ta Tsakiya zaka iya samun Tazekka National Park, tare da shimfidar wurare na kwazazzabai da kogwanni da kuma Gidan shakatawa na Ifrane, sanannen sanannen malam buɗe ido, da kuma Tazekka Park.
Manyan tsaunukansa su ne Jebel Bou Naceur mai tsawon mita 3.356, sannan Jebel Mouâsker na mita 3.277, da Jebel Bou Iblane da ke mita 3.192, kusa da Immouzer Marmoucha.
An haife manyan koguna na Maroko a tsaunukan ta, waɗanda zan gaya muku game da su a gaba.
Babban atlas
Babban Atlas, ko High Atlas suna da mafi tsayi a duk Arewacin Afirka, tare da mafi tsayi a kan Dutsen Toubkal (mita 4.167). Wannan babban kewayon wani yanki ne mai zurfin shingen yanayi ga Maroko, ya raba gabar Bahar Rum da Tekun Atlantika daga hamadar Sahara kuma, a zahiri, yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da bushewar wannan hamada, wanda a bi da bi yana haifar da canjin yanayi sosai a tsaunin tsauni. A cikin tsaunukan da ke kan tsaunuka dusar ƙanƙara tana sauka a kai a kai, kyale a gudanar da wasannin hunturu da kyau har zuwa bazara.
Antiatlas ko Atan Atlas
Antiatlas wanda aka fi sani da Little Atlas ya faɗi a Maroko, daga Tekun Atlantika a kudu maso yamma, zuwa arewa maso gabas, a tsayin Ouarzazate kuma gaba gabas zuwa garin Tafilalt. A kudu, ya kai kan iyakar Sahara.
Babban taron kolin shi ne tsayin mita 2.712 shi ne Amalou n'Mansour, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin garin Iknioun, a cikin El Jbel Saghro ko Jebel Saghro massif.
Bude wa iska mai zafi da bushewar Sahara, Antiatlas suna adana kwaruruka da ingantattun oases waɗanda suke da ruwa sosai kuma suna da kyau, kamar na Tafraoute, wanda ke haifar da bambanci mai mahimmanci tare da tudu da bushewar yanayin mafi gangaren gangarowa.
Labarin ruwa na Maroko
Mafi mahimman iko da manyan kogunan Maroko suna kwarara zuwa cikin gangaren Bahar Rum da tuddai na Atlantic, kuma sune:
- Dra
- Nasa
- Saukewa,
- Oum Er-Rbia,
- Moulouya
- Sebu
Kogin Sebu a arewacin Maroko ya ratsa zuwa Fez sannan kuma yamma zuwa Tekun Atlantika. Tana da tsawon kilomita 458 kuma ruwansa ya sanya bashinsa ya wadata domin noman na zaitun, shinkafa, alkama, gwoza da inabi, wanda hakan ya sa ta kasance ɗayan yankuna masu ƙwarewar ƙasar. Mafi mahimmancin raƙuman ruwa ita ce Uarga, Baht da Inauen.
Kogin Muluya, wani mahimmin mahimmanci, yana da babban kwatar ruwa a cikin Maroko da kogunan da ba Saharar ba a Arewacin Afirka. Ya ɓare cikin Bahar Rum, kusa da Aljeriya. Tsibiran Chafarinas suna fuskantar bakin da ke da siffar delta na wannan kogin, kimanin mil mil huɗu. Yankin bakin da kuma wuraren da yake fadama sune mahimmin yanki na sha'awar halittu, wanda aka hada shi a cikin jerin yankuna masu ruwa na Ramsar.
Sunan kogin Oum Er-Rbia na nufin uwar bazara, shi ne kogi na biyu a Maroko da tsayi. Yawan kwararar da take yi ya haifar da gina wasu madatsun ruwa, har zuwa takwas, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ginshikin hanyar samar da ruwa da ruwa a Morocco, duk da cewa har yanzu ba ta wadatar da kanta ba.
Kogin Tensift ya samo asali ne daga High Atlas kuma ya ɓace a cikin Tekun Atlantika, tsakanin Safi da Essaouira. Kodayake tana karɓar raƙuman ruwa masu yawa, kwarararta ba ta bisa ƙa'ida ba, ta kusan bushe lokacin rani.
Draa itace kogi mafi tsayi a Maroko da Aljeriya, mai kimanin kilomita 1.100. An haife shi a cikin High Atlas kuma ya ɓace a cikin Tekun Atlantika. Kogi ne da yake da kwararar ruwa ko hanya ta musamman, saboda yanayin yanayi na dubunnan shekaru ya canza hanyarsa, don haka a halin yanzu ana tace ruwansa a cikin rairayin hamada da ya wuce Mhamid kuma ya ci gaba da tafiya ta wata hanyar ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa, yana tafiya sama da kilomita 600 zuwa ga Tekun Atlantika. Sai kawai a cikin shekaru na musamman na ruwan sama yana dawowa zuwa tsohon gadon sa.
A ƙarshe, zan gaya muku game da Kogin Sus wanda ke gudana cikin ɓacin rai a cikin yankin Souss-Massa-Draa, wanda ya ba shi sunansa, kuma ya kuɓuce zuwa Tekun Atlantika. Abu mafi mahimmanci game da wannan kogin shi ne yalwar halittar bakinsa.