Kafin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, duniya ta girgiza da yiwuwar rikici tsakanin manyan ƙasashen Turai na lokacin. Asalin matsalar shine a cikin garin Tangier, inda me tarihin zamani ya kira Rikicin Morocco na Farko, tsakanin 1905 da 1906.
Don fahimtar duk abin da ya faru tsakanin Maris 1905 da Mayu 1906 a kusa da garin Tangier, dole ne mutum ya san yadda yanayin siyasar yanki na lokacin yake. A cikin Turai, da ƙari a cikin sauran ƙasashen duniya, an sami yanayi na tashin hankali tsakanin ƙasashe tsakanin manyan ƙasashe. Sun kira shi da Amintattun makamai. Kyakkyawan filin kiwo don babban yakin da zai faru shekaru goma bayan haka.
A wadancan shekarun Birtaniya da Faransa ya sanya ƙawance da aka sani da sunan Shigar da Cordiale. Manufofin kasashen waje na wadannan kasashe sun ginu ne bisa kokarin kebewa Alemania na sassan duniya na tasiri, musamman a Asiya da Afirka.
A cikin wannan wasan, a cikin watan Janairun 1905 Faransa ta sami nasarar ɗora tasirin ta akan sarkin Morocco. Wannan ya fi damuwa da Jamusawa, waɗanda suka kalli damuwa game da yadda abokan hamayyar su ke sarrafa hanyoyin biyu zuwa Bahar Rum. Don haka Shugaban Von Bülow Ya yanke shawarar shiga tsakani, yana mai karfafawa Sultan gwiwar tsayayya da matsin lambar Faransawa tare da bashi tabbacin goyon bayan Mulkin na Biyu.
Kaiser ya ziyarci Tangier
Akwai kwanan wata don saita farkon Rikicin Maroko na Farko: Maris 31, 1905, lokacin da Kaiser Wilhelm II ya ziyarci Tangier da mamaki. Jamusawa sun kafa jiragen ruwa masu ƙarfi daga tashar jiragen ruwa, suna yin nuna ƙarfi. Jaridun Faransa sun yi shela da kakkausar murya cewa wannan aikin tsokana ne.
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Ganin yadda cutar Faransa da kawayenta ke kara yaduwa, Jamusawa suka ba da shawarar gudanar da taron kasa da kasa don neman yarjejeniya a kan Maroko kuma, ba zato ba tsammani, a kan wasu yankunan Arewacin Afirka. Ingila ta ƙi ra'ayin, amma Faransa, ta hannun ministocin harkokin wajen ta teophile delcasse, sun amince su tattauna batun. Koyaya, tattaunawar ta warwatse lokacin da Jamus ta fito fili ta gabatar da kanta don goyon bayan independenceancin Moroccan.
An sanya ranar taron don 28 ga Mayu, 1905, amma babu ɗayan ikon da aka gayyata da ya ba da amsa mai kyau. Bugu da kari, Turawan Burtaniya da Amurkawa sun yanke shawarar tura jiragen yakin su daban zuwa Tangier. Tashin hankali ya karu.
Sabon ministan harkokin wajen Faransa, Hoton Maurice Rouvier, sannan ya gabatar da yiwuwar tattaunawa da Jamusawa don kaucewa yakin da ba zai yiwu ba. Duk kasashen biyu sun karfafa kasancewar sojojin su a kan iyakokin su, kuma yiwuwar barkewar rikici da makami ya fi tabbas.
Taron Algeciras
Rikicin Maroko na farko ya kasance ba a warware shi ba saboda matsayin da ake fuskanta tsakanin Jamus da waɗanda shekarun baya za su zama abokan gabanta. Musamman Birtaniyyawa, waɗanda suke shirye suyi amfani da ƙarfin soja don dakatar da faɗaɗa faɗaɗa mulkin Reich. Faransawan, waɗanda ke tsoron kayar da su a yayin arangamar soja tare da Jamusawa a ƙasar Turai, ba su da faɗa.
A ƙarshe, kuma bayan da yawa kokarin diflomasiyya, da Taron Algeciras. An zaɓi wannan birni ne saboda yana kusa da yankin rikici da kuma yankin da ke tsaka tsaki, kodayake España a wancan lokacin an dan daidaita shi a bangaren Franco-British.
Rarraba yankuna masu tasiri a Maroko bisa ga taron Algeciras na 1906
Kasashe goma sha uku sun halarci taron: Masarautar Jamus, Daular Austro-Hungary, da Burtaniya, da Faransa, da Daular Rasha, da Masarautar Spain, da Amurka, da Masarautar Italia, da Sultanate na Morocco, da Netherlands, da Masarautar Sweden, da Portugal, da Belgium da Daular Usmaniyya. A takaice, manyan kasashen duniya gami da wasu kasashe kai tsaye suna cikin tambayar ta Maroko.
Ofarshen Rikicin Maroko Na Farko
Bayan watanni uku na tattaunawa, a ranar 17 ga Afrilu Dokar Algeciras. Ta wannan yarjejeniyar, Faransa ta sami nasarar ci gaba da tasiri a kan Maroko, kodayake ta yi alkawarin aiwatar da jerin gyare-gyare a wannan yankin. Babban abin da aka kammala taron shine:
- Halitta a Marokoka daga wata Kare ta Faransa da karamar Karamar Hukumar kare Sifen (an kasu zuwa yankuna biyu, daya a kudancin kasar da kuma daya a arewa), daga baya an saka su cikin Yarjejeniyar Fez na 1912.
- Kafa wani matsayi na musamman don Tangier a matsayin birni na duniya.
- Jamus ta yi watsi da duk wani ikirarin yanki a Maroko.
A zahiri, taron Algeciras ya ƙare tare da koma baya daga Jamus, wanda ƙarfin sojan ruwa ya ƙasa da na Burtaniya. Duk da haka, Rikicin Maroko na Farko an rufe shi cikin ƙarya kuma rashin gamsuwa da Jamusawa ya haifar da wani sabon mawuyacin hali a cikin 1911. A wasu lokuta wurin ba Tangier bane, amma Agadir, wani sabon yanayi na tashin hankalin duniya wanda aka sani da Rikicin Maroko na Biyu.