Norway, mai yawan mutane miliyan 4,6 a gefen arewacin Turai, a yau tana daga cikin kasashe mafiya arziki a duniya. Da Ci gaban tattalin arzikin Norway ana nuna shi a cikin GDP na kowane ɗan adam da cikin babban birnin zamantakewar jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, Norway a koyaushe tana fitowa a saman ofididdigar Ci gaban Humanan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Yaya zaku bayyana wannan nasarar? Mabuɗin yana cikin babbar ajiyar albarkatu na halitta na kasar. Amma hakan bai isa ba. Kasancewar a kwararrun ma'aikata da kuma kokarin daidaitawa da sababbin fasaha.
La Tarihin tattalin arzikin Norway Ana iya rarraba shi zuwa manyan matakai biyu: kafin da kuma bayan 'yancin ƙasar a 1814.
Kafin samun 'yanci
Tattalin arzikin Norway ya kasance bisa tarihi bisa tsarin samarwa al'ummomin manoma na gari da sauran ayyuka na gaba kamar kamun kifi, farauta da gandun daji. Ciniki ya kasance yana kasancewa da rayayye ta ƙungiyar jiragen ruwa masu tasowa.
Masunta na ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin Norway
Saboda yanayin yanayin kasa da yanayin yanayi, al'ummomin arewa da yamma sun fi dogaro da kamun kifi da kasuwancin kasashen waje fiye da al'ummomin kudu da gabas, wadanda suka dogara da noma. A wannan lokacin babban cibiyar tattalin arziki shine garin Bergen.
Ci gaban tattalin arziki na ƙasar Norway a cikin karni na XNUMX
Yaushe, bayan shekaru 417, Norway ta samu 'Yancinsu A Denmark a 1814, fiye da 90% na yawan (kusan mutane 800.000) sun zauna a yankunan karkara. A 1816 da Babban Bankin Norway kuma an gabatar da kudin kasa: na mai kashe gobara.
Haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ƙasar Norway ta fara ɗaukar matakan farko a ƙarshen ƙarni na XNUMX. Godiya ga fitarwa na baƙin ƙarfe, gawayi, itace da kifi, experiencedasar ta sami babban ci gaban kasuwanci, ta zarce makwabta Sweden. A gefe guda kuma, bullo da sabbin hanyoyin noman ya kara yawan amfanin gona da kuma fifita ci gaban dabbobi.
A lokaci guda, Norway ta zama mai ƙarfi a ɓangaren Jirgin ruwan. Jirginta ya wakilci ƙasa da kashi 7% na duk duniya a cikin 1875. Tsarin masana'antu na ƙasar ya gudana a cikin raƙuman ruwa da yawa.
Rikici da ci gaba
La Yaƙin Duniya na Farko ci baya ne ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin Norway. Kasar ta biya sakamakon dogaro da tattalin arzikin ta da ya yi sama da Ingila, sannan kuma babbar abokiyar kasuwancin ta. Rashin samun dama a cikin kasarsu, yawancin Norway sun yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a farkon rabin karni na XNUMX.
Mamayar Jamusawa ta ƙasar a cikin 40s ta dakatar da yunƙurin dawo da abin kunya na shekarun da suka gabata.
Yawancin wadatar tattalin arzikin Norway ya dogara ne akan mai
Bayan yakin, kasar Norway ta fuskanci kalubalen na sake gina tattalin arzikinta. A lokacin ne ƙasar Norway ta karɓi girke-girke na demokraɗiyya na zamantakewar al'umma, wanda ya yi nasara saboda albarkatun da aka samu mai da gas a cikin Tekun Arewa.
da shekarun zinariya na tattalin arzikin Norway su ne waɗanda ke zuwa daga 1950 zuwa 1973. A wannan lokacin GDP ɗin ya karu sosai, cinikin ƙasashen waje ya haɓaka, rashin aikin yi ya ɓace kuma ƙimar hauhawar farashi ta kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali.
Tattalin arzikin duniya ya girgiza a cikin 1973 ta hanyar abin da ake kira "matsalar mai". A hankalce, a matsayinta na mai samar da ƙasa, Norway ta sami mummunan rauni. Dole ne a canza koyarwar dimokiradiyya ta zamantakewar al'umma tare da hanyoyin sassaucin ra'ayi, tare da yawan kudaden ruwa da rage darajar kudi.
Rikicin kuɗi na ƙarshen ƙarni na XNUMX da farkon ƙarni na XNUMX ya shafi yawancin kamfanonin Norway, yayin da jihar ta karɓi mafi yawan manyan bankunan kasuwanci don kaucewa durkushewar tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya.
Tattalin arzikin Norway a yau
A yau kasar tana da karfafaffen tattalin arziki. Bangaren mai yana da matukar mahimmanci. Haƙiƙa cewa kyakkyawan kula da albarkatun ƙasa ya ba da gudummawa wajen mai da Norway ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu ƙarfin tattalin arziki a duniya a yau.
Norway ita ce kasa ta farko a duniya a cikin Tattalin Arzikin Dan Adam
Abubuwan da ke haifar da bambanci tsakanin Norway da sauran jihohin da ke samar da mai sune: horar da ma'aikata, al'adun karbar sabbin fasahohi daga sauran manyan kasashe da cibiyoyin siyasa masu karko.
Abin sha'awa, Kasar Norway ta sha kin zama wani bangare na Tarayyar Turai. Hakanan yana riƙe da kuɗin ƙasar, kron na Norway. Duk da haka, an bi shi Yankin Tattalin Arzikin Turai (EEA)
Yau Norway ce kasa ta shida a duniya kuma ta biyu a Turai a cikin GDP ta kowane mutum bisa ga bayanai daga Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF). Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa, bisa ga ƙididdigar da Shirin Raya Unitedasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Kasar Norway ce kasa ta farko a duniya da Fitar da Developmentan Adam.