Siffar Sinawa, kayan aiki da fasahohin ƙira

Dukanmu mun taɓa jin labarin al'adun gargajiyar ƙasar Sin, kuma zai zama wauta a cikin labarin ɗaya don ya yi shekaru dubbai, amma a Ina so in gaya muku game da sassaka Sinawa, al'adunta da mahimmancinta a cikin fasahar Asiya, Kuma a sauran sassan duniya.

Tun daga asalin tarihin kasar Sin, da kuma wayewar kai, an kirkiro abubuwa da tagulla, Jade da kashi, wadanda suka kasance wani bangare na tsafin shamanistic. A cikin waɗannan sifofin tagulla da na jaka an nuna shi a karon farko ɗayan mahimman ƙa'idodin fasahar Sinawa: haɗuwarsa tsakanin ruhun kera kere kere da aikin zamantakewa da tsarin aiki wanda aka nufa dasu tun daga samunsu.  

Halaye na sassaka

Ofayan bambance-bambancen dake tsakanin sassaka Sinawa da na Yammacin Turai shi ne, Siffar Sinawan tana mai da hankali sosai ga yanayin shimfidar wuri, wanda ke nan. A cikin ɗan adam, yana mai da hankali sosai wajen zana silhouette, shararrun abubuwa ne, kuma idanuwa, waɗanda ruhun ciki yake fitowa daga ciki, suna da ban sha'awa na musamman. Wani nau'in halayensa shine girmamawa akan tufafin halayen.

Idan wani abu ya siffata mutum-mutumin kasar Sin, babban ilimin fasaha ne na kayan da aka kera shi, maimakon masu zane ana daukar su masu sana'ar hannu, saboda wannan dalilin ba a ambaton su a mafi yawan litattafai da takaddun tarihi da ke magana game da fasahar Sin. Abun fasaha ne wanda ba a sanshi ba, ƙirƙirar bita gama gari.

Itatuwa, itace da gora

Sassakken Ivory yana daya daga cikin dadadden zane-zane, an samo samfura a kaburbura tun zamanin daular shang (Ƙarni na XNUMX zuwa XNUMX ac). Waɗannan ɓangarorin suna da irin wannan ƙirar ta musamman da aiwatarwa wanda suke magana game da wani ci gaban da ya gabata wanda zai iya ɗaukar mu zuwa zamanin da. A zamanin Tang (618-907 AD) da kuma a Daular Song (960-1279 AD) sassaka hauren giwa da kaho ya zama mafi wayewa ta fuskar fasaha da kyan gani. A cikin karni na 1644, daular Qing (1911-XNUMX AD), masana'antar Yammacin Turai ta shigo cikin ta a hankali.

Sassaka katako yana da dadadden tarihi a China. Manufofin ta suna dogara ne da almara da sanannun imani game da sa'a, ci gaba, jituwa, tsawon rai ...

Fiye da shekaru 2000 da suka gabata Sinawa sun rigaya sassaƙa a cikin goraAmma daga daular Ming ne (1368-1644 AD) cewa sassaka wannan kayan ya zama ƙwararrun masana'antar ƙere-ƙere kuma yawancin masu zane suna sadaukar da ita. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa, saboda a cikin wannan fasahar an fahimci makarantu da masu sassaƙa

Taken zane-zanen Sinawa

Yawancin zane-zanen Sinawa suna da alaƙa da addini da jarumai, na gaske da na almara. Ta hanyar zane-zanen dutse da gine-ginen katako, al'umma ta bayyana kanta a matsayin al'umma mai tsari mai nisa.

Sassaka dutsen ya fara ne a matsayin adon girma da wakilcin hanyoyin hanyoyin jana'izar Kaburburan masarauta a daular Han, Tang kuma musamman kaburburan Ming. A cikinsu mun sami manyan dabbobi na gaske da na almara, da wakilcin masu ilimi, sojoji, azuzuwan zamantakewar waje, da sauransu.

Sassaka ya kasance yana da alaƙa sosai da yaɗuwar Buddha. Yungang, Longmen da Dunhuang Grottoes sun baje kolin dutsen, tubali da aikin stucco wanda ya sassaka tsattsauran ra'ayin Buddha. A cikin wadannan bangarorin, ana iya yaba tasirin kasashen waje da canjin sa ko kuma dacewa da dandano da kyan gani na kasar Sin, a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan gudummawar musayar da aka samar akan Hanyar siliki. A duk ƙasar kuna iya ganin abubuwa da yawa na Buddha, tare da tasiri daga Tibet da Indiya, Buddha ce masu kyawawan halaye, nesa da ban mamaki. Daga ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMX, zane-zanen Buddha sun fara bayyana tare da bayyana mafi girma, farin ciki da gaskiya, tare da layuka masu lanƙwasa da siffofi masu taushi.

Ain

Ina so in yi magana ne game da kayan kwalliya, a matsayin wani bangare na sassaka kasar Sin, saboda wannan ra'ayin da na fada muku tun farko game da kulawar da "masu fasahar zane-zane" ke da shi kan kayan aiki. Aron kayan yumbu ne wanda aka samar da shi ta hanyar gargajiya ko ta masana'antu, a al'adance fari, karami, mai rauni, mai kauri, mai fassara, mara ruwa, mai karfin jiki, karancin laulayi da kuma tsananin juriya da harin sinadarai da girgizar yanayi, wannan shine mafi mahimmancin ma'anar kimiyya.

Ya samo asali ne daga China, a ƙarƙashin sunan tzu, wataƙila a lokacin daular Han (206 BC zuwa 220 AD) kodayake farkon rubutun nassoshi sun fara ne daga lokacin daular Tang (618 AD zuwa 907 AD). kuma matafiyin Marco Polo ne ya gabatar da ita zuwa Turai, inda ƙarnuka suka yi ƙoƙari su kwafa.

Sojojin Terracotta na Xi'an

Ba tare da wata shakka ba, lokacin tunanin hotunan Sinawa, sojojin Xian suna cikin tunani. Waɗannan sojoji rukuni ne na sama da mutum dubu 8000 na mayaƙan terracotta da dawakai, waɗanda wani ɓangare ne na rundunar sama na kabarin Qin shi Huang, shekara ta 210-209 ac, China ta farko da ta ayyana kanta sarki.

Figures Suna da girman rai: sun auna tsayin mita 1,80 kuma an sanye su da sulken da aka yi da terracotta kuma a lokacin suna da makamai na gaske.. Bambancinsu shine kowane ɗayansu yana da halaye da halaye daban-daban. Akwai kuma mata. Lissafi suna da launi mai haske da haske, amma bayan awanni 5 na iskar iska fenti ya ɓace saboda shakar abu. A yau suna neman wata dabara wacce za ta ba da damar kula da wadannan launuka, amma an san cewa ba a cimma hakan ba.