Mafi mahimman yarukan Indiya

India ita ce ɗayan mafi girma da yawan jama'a a duniya. Yana da fiye da 1.400 miliyan mazaunan kuma ita ce kasa ta bakwai mafi girma a duniya. Gaskiyar gaske. Kuma ee, saboda haka mutane da yawa suna magana da harsuna da yawa, a zahiri, muna mamakin ... menene harsuna mafi mahimmanci na Indiya?

A cikin ƙasa ana magana da harsuna sama da ashirin tunda akwai yankuna da yawa, amma zamu iya yin ɗan gajeren jerin kuma tsara su a cikin jerin mahimman harsuna. Don haka, zamu iya rage su zuwa 10.

hindi

Muna farawa da yaren da yafi kowanne shahara kuma wanda yafi kowa magana a kasar. Ana lissafin cewa Mutane miliyan 336 suna magana da yaren Hindi. Wannan yana wakiltar kashi 40% na yawan jama'ar ƙasa, don haka tare da irin wannan adadi na masu magana yana ɗaya daga cikin yare biyu da ke da matsayin "hukuma".

Hindi yayi magana a cikin Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Delhi ko Bihar, misali. Hindi yare ne wanda asalinsa ana iya gano asalin yaren da ake magana a ciki da kewayen Delhi a zamanin da. Kafin daidaita shi a kusa da yaren Delhi akwai wasu bambance-bambancen daban, amma daga ƙarni na XNUMX zuwa, Hindi ta zamani ta fara haɓaka kuma ta shahara sosai lokacin da masu mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya suka karɓe ta a matsayin harshen yare.

A yau shine harshen hukuma a cikin jihohi tara da yankuna uku kuma, kamar yadda muka ce, shine ɗayan manyan harsunan ƙasa guda biyu (ɗayan kuma Ingilishi ne).

Bengali

Yana da Na biyu mafi yawan yare a Indiya bayan Hindi. An yi imanin cewa kashi 8% na yawan jama'a suna magana da shi kuma don haka yana da Masu magana da miliyan 83 wadanda suka fi yawa a jihohin gabashin kasar.

Wannan yaren ya bunkasa sama da shekaru 1300, amma fasalin yanzu ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni na XNUMX da na XNUMX. Yau shine harshen hukuma na Bangladesh Kuma kodayake galibi ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna na Indiya amma akwai wasu tsiraru a biranen Indiya kamar Delhi, Mombai ko Varanasi.

Masana sunyi la'akari da shi na biyu mafi kyawun harshe a duniya bayan Faransanci, da Ranar Harshen Uwa ta Duniya an gina ta ne akan yaren Bengali.

Telugu

Ana magana da yaren Telugu 82 mutane miliyan a Indiya, game da 7% na yawan jama'a. Mun samo shi musamman a jihohin kudu kamar Telangana, Tsibirin Nicobar, Pradesh ko Andaman.

Yana da keɓancewa cewa shine kawai yare a yankin gabashin duniya wanda yake da duk kalmomin da suka ƙare da wasali. Akwai babban jama'a na masu jin yaren Telugu a Amurka kuma yana ƙaruwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Harafin Telugu ana ɗaukarsa mafi kyawun baƙaƙe na biyu bayan Koriya.

Marathi

Kwatankwacin adadin Indiyawa suna magana da wannan yaren, Marathi. Kodayake a Indiya ana magana da shi a kusa 72 mutane miliyan an yi imanin cewa tara waɗanda ba Indiyawa ba akwai kusan miliyan 90 a cikin duka.

Ana magana da Marathi a jihohin Goa, Daman, Maharashtra, Dadra, Diu, da Nagar Haveli. Yawancin kalmominsa sun samo asali ne daga yaren Farisanci, Urdu, da Larabci. Abin da ke birgewa, a cikin waɗannan lokutan haɗawa da na suka da garambawul a cikin yarukan rayuwa, shine Marathi yana da tsarin jinsi ukueh, ba biyu ba. Akwai mara jinsi wanda ba na mace ba kuma ba na namiji ba.

tamil

An kiyasta cewa akwai Indiyawan Indiya miliyan 61 yana magana da Tamil, 6% na yawan jama'ar ƙasa. Ana la'akari da Tamil ɗayan tsoffin harsuna masu rai a duniya, tunda asalinsa ya samo asali zuwa 500 BC

Ana magana da yaren Tamil a jihohin Andaman, tsibirin Nicobar, Tamil Nadi, Kerala, da Puducherry.

kannada

Da alama wannan harshe ake magana da shi 55 mutane miliyan, wanda zai wakilci 4% na yawan Indiya. An kuma yi imani da cewa shine yare mafi tsufa a ƙasar, tun kafin Tamil da Sanskrit. Idan haka ne, zai fi shekaru 2500 ...

Ana amfani da Kannada a cikin jihohin Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, da Karnataka. Kannada tana da baƙaƙe 34 da wasula 13 kuma shi ne kawai yaren Indiya da baƙon ya yi kamus da shi. Wanda ke kula da shi shi ne Ferdinand Kittel.

Urdu

Wannan yaren yana da asalin asalin wayewar Indo-Aryan kuma yana wakiltar kashi 5% na yawan mutanen Indiya. Wato, 52 mutane miliyan suna da shi a matsayin yare. Ana jin Urdu a duk fadin Indiya amma musamman a cikin jihohin Bihar, Telangana, Delhi, Ottar Pradesh, Kashmir da Jammu.

Marubutan Punjabi na iya fahimtar masu magana da yaren Urdu, amma masu jin yaren Urdu ba za su iya ba, saboda salon magana ya bambanta. Wasu kalmomin Ingilishi sun fito ne daga Urdu, misali khaki o guguwa.

Gujarati

Ana la'akari da shi azaman Dravidian kuma 4% na yawan mutanen Indiya suna magana dashi: ma'ana, Mutane miliyan 46. An yi imanin cewa ya koma karni na XNUMX lokacin da aka fara amfani da shi don ma'amalar kasuwanci a cikin asusun banki ko wasikun ƙwararru da takardu.

Yaya wannan? Wato gujarati kenan Ya cakuda yaruka uku ne, Gujarati kanta, Urdu da Sindhi. Ina aka yi magana? A cikin Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu da Gujarat.

Malayalam

Da alama galibin kalmomin wannan yaren suna ƙare da "am". Mutane miliyan 33 ke magana da shi kuma wannan yana wakiltar kashi 3% na yawan jama'ar ƙasar. Kuna iya ji shi a jihohin Kerala, Lakshadweep da Puducherry.

A zahiri, a cikin Kerala akwai gundumomi 14 kuma kowane ɗayan yana amfani da yaren daban na Malayalam ...

odia

Harshe ne da 3% na yawan mutanen Indiya ke magana dashi, amma wannan ba ƙarami bane: Mutane miliyan 32. Ana magana da shi galibi a gabashin ƙasar, a cikin Jihar Odisha, a kan Kogin Bengal.

Harshe ne na shida da aka ayyana a matsayin harshen gargajiya a Indiya, tunda tana da dogon tarihi kuma ba'a cakuɗe ta da yawa da wasu yarukan ba. Tsohon rubutu a cikin ƙiyayya ya samo asali ne tun ƙarni na XNUMX BC.

Gaskiyar ita ce yawancin Indiyawan suna magana da harsuna da yawa da kuma Ingilishi, tunda sun kasance masarautar Birtaniyya na dogon lokaci kuma har zuwa yau, Ingilishi har yanzu harshen hukuma ne. A zahiri, ya zama harshen gada tsakanin mazauna kudanci da arewacin ƙasar.