Ayyukan gargajiya na Rasha: ƙaramin zanen lacquer

A cikin Rasha zane akwai keɓaɓɓun tarin ƙananan akwatunan lacquered, waɗanda mashahuran mutanen da ke cikin wannan fasahar su ne Fedoskino, Palekh, Kholui da Mstera.

Waɗannan makarantu daban-daban waɗanda ke samar da nau'ikan akwatuna daban-daban, galibi a cikin baƙin itace waɗanda aka yi wa ado da hotuna daga tatsuniyoyin mutanen Rasha.

Misali, wadanda na Palekh Isabi'ar gargajiya ce ta Rasha ta ƙaramin zane, wanda aka yi shi da zane-zane na yanayi a kan abubuwa masu ɓarnatarwa da aka yi da papier-mâché (kamar ƙananan akwatuna, akwatunan foda, kwalliyar kwalliya, lamura, alƙaluma, zane, da sauransu)

Villaauyen Palekh yana cikin kilomita 350 arewa maso gabas na Moscow a yankin Ivanovo na Rasha. Wannan fasaha ta lacquer akan papier-mâché ta fara bayyana ne a shekarar 1923, lokacin da tsohon tambarin masu zane ya shirya "Artel Palekh na Tsohon Zanen" bayan nasarar nasarar zanen lacquer a ƙauyen Fedoskino. Fasahar yin papier-mâché kuma an aro ta ne daga masu fasahar Fedoskino.

Miniananan Palekh yawanci suna nuna halaye da al'amuran rayuwa, ayyukan adabi, da tatsuniyoyi. An zana akwatunan Palekh tare da zane-zane masu haske a bangon bango kuma an san su da tsayi, adadi mai kyau (kamar yadda yake a gumaka), zoben zinare da / ko azurfa mai kyau waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a kan layuka masu kyau ko'ina cikin zanen; iyakoki masu ado masu rikitarwa, wanda galibi ke rufe saman saman da gefen kayan kwata-kwata.

A nasu bangare, wadanda na Fedoskino, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 40 arewa da Mosko, a gefen Kogin Ucha, ita ce mafi tsufa cibiyar Rasha mai zanen lacquer. Asirin masana'antar zane-zane da zanen fenti an watsa ta daga tsara zuwa tsara har fiye da shekaru 200.

Fedoskino lacquer miniatures ana yin su ne tare da taimakon fenti mai mai-launuka da yawa akan farfajiyar da aka kera ta musamman. Yawancin akwatunan Fedoskino suna da bakar fata a waje kuma an rufe su daga ciki tare da jan jan mai haske ko mulufi.

Lacosers din Fedoskino suna da alaƙa da fasahar zane ta Rasha a cikin karni na 19. Amma, yawancin ayyukan ana iya ambaton su azaman nau'ikan abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kwalaye Fedoskino a yanzu.