Kiɗan Rashanci na gargajiya da tufafin Rasha

El irin kayan ado na Rasha Ya bambanta da tufafin sauran ƙasashe a duniya kuma har ma ya sha bamban da yawa daga ƙasashe maƙwabta. Kamar yadda yake koyaushe, al'adun gargajiya game da sutura da sauran al'adu a cikin Rasha an adana su musamman a cikin magabata. 

Kiɗan gargajiya na Rasha

Sun ce ruhun Slavic shine mafi soyayyar duka, don haka watakila ana tuhumar kiɗan Rasha da kewa, haɗe da ƙarfin so. Lokacin da muke magana game da kiɗan gargajiya na Rasha dole ne muyi tunani game da kiɗan gargajiya, wanda ya haɗa da tsirarun kabilu waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na Tarayyar Rasha da jihohin da suka gabace ta, kuma a nan na haɗa daga USSR zuwa na zamanin mulkin Rasha ko kuma Daular Rasha.

Rawa, a matsayin bayyananniyar kiɗa ta jiki, tana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin al'adun Rasha, kuma shine lokacin da muke da damar gani da sha'awar yawancin sutturar su ta gargajiya. Don samun damar rawar rawa cikin annashuwa, sutturar da aka ƙirƙirata daga sutturar gargajiya, sauƙaƙa shi zuwa matsakaici, koyaushe suna cikin launuka masu haske kuma ana kawata su da ɗinkin ɗumbin yawa. Kayan sutturar sun banbanta matuka, sun canza kusan a kowane yanki, sun banbanta da hadewar launuka, a wajen yanke sarafany (kayan gargajiya na Rashanci, masu tsayi, marasa hannu), a cikin kwatancen hular hat da headdress ko kuma larabawa.

Waƙoƙin gargajiya na Rasha

A cikin Rasha kamar yadda yake a cikin dukkan al'adu da mutane Akwai adadi mai yawa na shahararrun waƙoƙi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da timbre na ƙarar murya, wasula buɗewa da sautin kai tsaye, ma'ana, babu rawar jiki a cikin muryar. Waɗannan asalin waƙar ta Rasha suna komawa zuwa fasahar kabilun Slavic na Gabas waɗanda suka mamaye yankin tsohuwar Rasha.

Halin da ya wanzu har zuwa yau ta hanyar al'adar baka da waƙoƙi shine Sadko, wani dan kasuwa, dan kasada, kuma mai kidan waka mai kidan gusli, mai kida. Irin wannan kayan aikin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin Rasha ta da.

A lokacin Tsararruka Tsakanin manyan dako masu dauke da al'adun fasaha sune boyany, masu kirkiro, masu ba da labari da mawaƙa na waƙoƙin almara na Rasha, na shahararrun labaru waɗanda ke tattare da alamomin fasaha na mazaunan yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar kuma waɗanda fasaharsu ke ci gaba da zama tilas a cikin dukkan shahararrun bukukuwa, kamar yadda yake a kotun Tsarist.

AF. halin ta kusan madaidaiciya, mai siffa mai siffa-uku, tare da buɗe ƙaramar rawa a kusa da saman kusurwar saman da wuya mai tsayi.

Wakar Tsari a Rasha

Waƙar addini ta haɓaka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Rasha saboda ƙwarewar sana'a da aka yi ta, a matakin marubuta da mawaƙa.. An yi horo na ƙwarewa kafin shiga makarantun sufaye, mawaƙa sun koyi ka'idar kiɗa kuma sun sami horo a ka'idar kiɗa.

Tsarkakakkun kiɗa ya kasance na murya ne kawai, ba a ba da izinin amfani da kayan kida a cikin majami'u masu bin siffofin Byzantine.

Waƙoƙin ecclesiastical sun kasance halaye ne na jinkiri da martaba, waƙoƙi masu taushi kuma sanannu, rashin manyan tazara, lafazin kalmomin daidai ne, lafazi mara kyau, wanda ke buƙatar isasshen numfashi daga mawaƙa, wanda ya haifar da cikakkiyar ƙwarewa wanda, bi da bi, ya ba wa masu fasahar Rasha damar mamaye wasan kwaikwayon lokacin da ta iso kasar a cikin karni na XNUMX.

Kiɗan gargajiya na Rasha yayin daular Rasha da Juyin Juya Hali

Tun daga ƙarni na XNUMX, musamman tare da Sarauniya Elizabeth I da Catherine II, kotun masarautar Rasha ta jawo hankalin mawaƙa da yawa daga Italiya waɗanda suka gabatar da kiɗan gargajiya na Turai, wanda daga baya zai zama wani abin karfafa gwiwa ga manyan mawakan Rasha kamar su Tchaikovsky, marubucin sanannen ballet kamar su Swan Lake ko Kayan bacci wanda ya kai shi ga zama fitaccen mawaki a wajen iyakokinsa.

A ƙarshen karni na XNUMX da farkon karni na XNUMX, manyan marubuta irin su Stravinsky, Aleksandr Skriabin, Sergéi Prokofiev da Dmitri Shostakovich sun ci gaba da bayyana, waɗanda suka gwada salon kiɗa da yare.. Wasu daga cikinsu sun yi hijira bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha, amma wasu, kamar Prokofiev, sun kasance a cikin ƙasar, suna ba da kwarin gwiwa ga ruhin juyi na lokacin.

A lokacin Yaƙin basasa na Rasha, kiɗa ya karɓi salo da jigogi masu nuna yarda. Mawaƙa da yawa sun halarci shirye-shiryen koyarwa na azuzuwan aiki, wanda ya haifar da yaduwar makada da kungiyar mawaka. Lokacin da ra'ayin mazan jiya ya zauna a Soviet Soviet kungiyar mawaka ta sojoji sun samo asali, wanda waƙar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce kalinka, wanda ya riga ya zama ɓangare na shahararren tunanin.

Kayan al'ada russian

Nan gaba zamuyi bayanin irin kayan adon mutanen Rasha daya kasance daidai da kowane zamani.

Tufafin Rasha a lokacin mulkin Peter I

Peter I na Rasha ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan manyan sarakunan Rasha, waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a tufafin mutanen Rasha. A lokacin mulkinsa, Pedro I ya ba da doka a cikin wane An hana amfani da tufafin gargajiya na Rasha kuma an zaɓi suturar baƙi. Wannan a zahiri shine bayyanannen bayyanar farko na duk sabbin abubuwa da wannan Tsar ɗin na Rasha zai gabatar da ƙasarsu daga ƙarshe.

Duk da wannan dokar, manoma a Rasha ba su shafi haramcin ba. A zahiri, manoman ƙasar Rasha masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne waɗanda ba safai suke yin sauye-sauye ko canje-canje ga tufafinsu ba. Kayan gado na gargajiya a cikin Rasha tsakanin manoma an gaji su daga tsara zuwa tsara. Kari akan haka, yawanci ana yin suturar a kowane amfani da kayan da aka samar da su daidai a gida.

Ba wai kawai ba, ban da manoma, Hakanan Cossacks, Tsoffin Muminai, Masu mallaka, da sauran bangarori ko ɓangarorin al'ummar Rasha sun adana sutturar gargajiya a cikin Rasha.. Babu shakka, tunda Rasha babbar ƙasa ce kuma tana da yankuna daban-daban na yanayi daban-daban tun daga yanayin da ke ƙasa zuwa yanayin arctic, salo iri daban-daban na suttura sun bazu a duk yankuna na Rasha.

Salon mazan jiya na sutturar talakan Rasha

Abubuwa masu mahimmanci irin su salon canzawa na manoma, matsakaiciyar su da kuma ƙawancensu da al'adun gargajiya, sun shafi tufafin matan Rasha. Kayan gargajiya da matan Russia suke sanyawa kusan a ɓoye ɓoyayyen mace, Mai da hankali kan fuska ta hanyar kwalliyar da ta rufe gashin gaba daya. Idan ya zo ga tufafin maza a filin, wannan koyaushe yana da sauƙin gaske kuma gabaɗaya nau'ikan iri ɗaya a cikin Rasha.

Shirye-shiryen launi a cikin tufafin Rasha

A al'adance tufafin Rasha suna dogara ne akan amfani da launuka biyu na asali: launi fari da launin ja. Abin sha'awa, ana amfani da kalmar "ja" a baya don sanya duk abin da ke da kyau. Sabili da haka, abubuwan jan da aka tsara a cikin tufafi an dauke su a matsayin kyawawan abubuwa. Bugu da kari, hulda da wasu kasashe ya haifar da bayyanar sabbin launuka a cikin kayan Russia kamar shudi, zinariya ko rawaya.

Alamu da zane kamar abubuwan ado

A yankin kudancin Rasha, tsarin lissafi da tsire-tsire sun kasance gama-gari a cikin suturar da mazauna ke sanyawa. A yankin arewa, an lura da sifofin geometric, dabbobin zoo da alamu da suka shafi rayuwar ɗan adam. Wato siffofin damisa, dawakai, dawisu, siffofin lu'u-lu'u, itacen rai, da sauransu.

Belt ɗin: kayan haɗin dole a cikin tufafin Rasha

Belt din ya ci gaba da kasancewa wani ɓangare na tilas na tufafin gargajiyar mutanen Rasha, maza da mata. Mahimmancinsa shi ne cewa a da ana ɗaukarsa da ikon karewa kuma yana aiki azaman layya mai ƙarfi. Girlsananan Russianan matan Rasha sun sa irin bel na zama wanda aka sani da "lakumi", yayin da matan suka ɗauki jakunkunan kuɗi da ƙananan abubuwa a bel.

Hakanan ya zama ruwan dare ga mata su ɗaura bel ɗin a ƙasan kirji ko a ƙarƙashin ciki, yayin da maza yawanci sukan sanya kayan sigari a bel ɗin su.

Tufafin Rasha a lokacin bazara, kaka da hunturu

ban mamaki tufafin waje iri ɗaya ne ga mata da maza. An yi amfani da caftans na gargajiya, rigunan gida da rigunan baƙauye. Babban kamance a cikin tufafi shine zurfin zurfin yankin hagu. Wannan tufafin na Rasha gabaɗaya ana sawa a lokacin bazara da kaka.

A lokacin hunturu, tufafin gargajiya na Rasha sun yi kama da maza da mata. Mutane sun kasance suna sanya rigunan fata na tumaki, da na fatarar fata, ban da dogayen dogon gashin kuma a cikin kowane hali fur din koyaushe yana ciki.

Tufafin Rasha yayin juyin juya halin Masana'antu

Tare da ci gaba masana'antu da raguwar farashin yadudduka da sutura, ci gaban biranen ya sami tasiri kan tufafin gargajiyar mutanen Rasha. Daga ƙarshe, tsakanin talakawa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, nau'ikan suttura kamar siket da rigunan mata sun fara bayyana.

Kayan gargajiya na Rashanci ga mutum

A al'adance maza suna sanya wando, riga, galibi tare da abin wuya kuma a saman sun rufe da ɗamara. Hakanan ya zama gama gari a gare su su sanya hulunan ulu masu laushi, wanda za'a iya samunsu a siffofi daban-daban. Ananan da kaɗan an sauya hular ta hular mayafi ko hular fata, tare da tasiri mai ƙarfi na salon birane.

Kayan gargajiya na Rasha ga mata

da Matan Rasha sun kasance suna sanya riga tare da siket da wani irin kwalliya da ake kira "Kafada". Ya zama gama gari a gare su su sanya wata rigar lilin mai dogon hannu kuma a kanta sun sa siket da aka sani da "poneva". A sashin gaba sun yi amfani da atamfa, yayin da a babin wasu ƙarin abubuwa.