Siga ta Siberia

Taiga ko gandun daji na boreal ita ce kalmar da ake amfani da ita don gano wani yanayin halittu, na manyan ɗumbin gandun daji masu yaɗuwa wanda ya ratsa ta cikin yankuna na arewa na doron ƙasa, a kan iyakar kewayen yankin Arctic.

Kalmar taiga ta Rasha ce, kodayake ta fito ne daga yakuta yare, wanda wasu kabilun Turkic na Siberia ke magana. Ma'anarta ita ce "yankin da ba kowa" ko "yankin gandun daji." Kodayake ra'ayoyin na iya zama da banbancin ma'ana, daga mahangar al'umar makiyaya makiyaya kusan iri daya ne.

Yankunan ƙasar taiga sun faɗi nahiyoyi uku: Arewacin Amirka, Musamman a Canada, da Arewacin Turai y Siberia, a Rasha. Wannan shine inda waɗannan shimfidar wurare masu girma da gandun daji suka sami ɗaukaka mafi girma. Gabaɗaya, lokacin da mutum yayi magana game da taiga, ba tare da wata shakka ba mutum yayi magana game da ta Siberia, mafi ingancin taiga.

Wannan gandun daji mara iyaka ya kai dubban kilomita ba tare da tsayawa ba (kusan kilomita 7.000 daga gabas zuwa yamma), ta hanyar tsaunuka, da filaye da fadama. Wasu daga cikin gandun dajin a cikin Siga ta Siberia suna daga cikin tsofaffi a doron ƙasa.

Ta Yammacin Siberia Taiga

La yammacin siberian taiga Babban gandun daji ne wanda ya fadada ba kakkautawa tsakanin Ural tsaunuka da kuma Kogin Yenisei Babban tsauni ne, kusan budurwa wacce ta mamaye kusan kilomita murabba'in 1.670.000.

Kusan wannan yanki gabaɗaya yana da yawan jama'a, kodayake a iyakar kudanci akwai gandun daji manya da manya Yekaterinburg, inda kusan mutane 300.000 ke rayuwa. A arewa, bayan tsiri na miƙa kusan kilomita 100, taiga ta ba da hanya zuwa ga tundra.

Saboda latitude, da sauyin yanayi na Siberian taiga yafi sanyi. An san shi da yanayi na boreal, wanda ke da gajeren lokaci, rani mai busasshe sosai kuma mai tsayi, mai tsananin sanyi. Matsakaicin yanayin bazara yawanci baya wuce 18-19º C, amma a lokacin hunturu suna sauka zuwa -30º C. Matsakaicin ruwan sama shine 450-500 mm a shekara.

Daga cikin mahimman wurare masu kariya a yankin, dole ne mu ambaci Denezhkin Kamen, Ilmen, Sosva, Pripyshminskiye Bory da yanayin Yugansky. Wadannan sanannun sanannun sanannun a cikin Rasha ta kalmar zapovednik, wanda ke nufin "koyaushe yankin daji."

Vegeta'idar ciyawar Siga ta Siberia

Babban nau'in bishiyar taiga Siberia shine conifers, doguwa kuma mara kyawu. A cikin yankuna na arewa suna gama gari larch, firs, spruces da baƙar fata. A kudanci, a gefe guda, conifers suna haɗuwa da wasu nau'ikan bishiyun bishiyoyi kamar su maples, birch, bishiyoyin toka, willows y Itatuwan Oak.

Rawanin bishiyoyi, masu tsayi da kauri, basa barin izinin hasken rana, saboda haka suna girma sama da duka a matakin ƙasa lichens da mossesAn kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 40% na ƙasar da ke cikin taiga ta malale. A cikin waɗannan yankuna masu ɗumi da yawa gishirin peat suna da yawa. A kudu maso yamma na yankin shine Vasyugan Fadama, ɗayan manyan fadama a duniya, wanda ƙwanƙolinsa ya kai zurfin sama da mita 2. A yankunan da ke gefen arewa, babu bishiyoyi, ƙasa ta daskarewa da permafrost.

A cikin Siga ta Siberia, musamman ma a yankunan kudanci, akwai kuma shrubs irin na gandun daji da ake gauraya. Daga cikin shahararrun shuke-shuke sune 'Ya'yan itaceda cranberries, las arctic raspberries ko buckthorn. A lokacin bazara, idan aka cire dusar ƙanƙara, sukan bayyana farin shuke-shuke.

Taiga fauna

Babban gandun daji na taiga shine mazaunin yawancin dabbobi iri-iri. Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa zamu sami yalwar shuke-shuke irin su reno, da barewa ko kwankwaso. Hakanan akwai beraye da yawa, daga farin kurege, da marta da kuma mink har zuwa daban-daban jinsunan squirrels, zomo da beraye.

Babban mahimmin kwale-kwalen sune ƙyarkeci, da Zorro, da lynx da kuma weasel. Da launin ruwan kasa bear, ɗayan dabbobin da suka fi wakiltar dabbobin teburin Siberia.

Daga cikin tsuntsayen dole ne mu haskaka wasu masu fyade kamar su shaho, da Mikiya da kuma mujiya. Har ila yau, a cikin yankunan kudanci, suna zaune baki grouse da nau'ikan tsuntsayen gandun daji irin su gwarare ko Katako. Saboda yanayin sanyi na waɗannan yankuna, dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su da yawa, ko da yake wasu nau'in kadangaru da macizai.

Adadin dabbobi da yawa sun rayu tsawon lokacin sanyi, sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara ta ta Siberian taiga ta amfani da jihar anabiosis (game da yanayin invertebrates) ko hibernación (kamar yadda ake yin wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar su launin ruwan goro ko kunkuru). Tsuntsayen sun "tsere" daga mawuyacin yanayin yanayi ta ƙaura zuwa kudu.