ʻO nā pharaoh nui loa o ʻAigupita Kahiki

ʻO nā pharaoh nui loa o ʻAigupita Kahuna ke kuleana nui no ka kaulana o ka lāhui i kēia ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kā mākou aie hana nui nui mālama mākou i kēia manawa a mālama pū kekahi kou honua i kāna āpau aura o ka pohihihi a me ka hoʻokalakupua.

ʻAʻole nō hoʻi i hiki i ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻoi loa o ʻAigupita Kahuna ke wehewehe i ka hiki ʻana i ka lāhui o ka Nile ke kūkulu i kāna mau hana hanohano o ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻenekini ma lalo o ke au o kēlā mau mōʻī ke haʻalele iki nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe i ka Neolithic. Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻano maikaʻi aʻe, ke kono aku nei mākou iā ʻoe e ukali iā mākou ma ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i nā pharaoh nui loa o ka honua. ʻAigupita Kahiko.

ʻO nā pharaoh nui loa o ʻAigupita Kahiki, mai Djoser a i Cleopatra

Ua kuhikuhi nā pharaoh i nā hopena o ʻAigupita Kahiki ma kahi o ka lōʻihi o ʻekolu kaukani mau makahiki e pili pū ana ʻano aliʻi aliʻi like ʻole. ʻAneʻane pili i ke ʻano akua o lākou a i ʻole, manaʻo ʻia he poʻe mamo a nā akua e like me Horus o Ra. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka make kēlā, i hoʻopili ʻia me ʻO Osiris, ua hōʻea i ka mahele akua maoli. Akā, me ka makemake ʻole, e hālāwai kāua me nā mea koʻikoʻi o lākou.

ʻO Zoser, ka mea kākau o ka pyramid mālama mua

ʻO kēia pharaoh, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Necherjet a noho aliʻi ʻo ia ma waena o 2665 a me 2645 BC, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kaulana e like me nā mea ma hope. Akā, inā kamaʻilio mākou iā ʻoe e pili ana Imhotep, malia paha e hoʻonohonoho ʻoe iā ʻoe iho i ʻoi aku. Komisina e ka mea mua, kūkulu ka lua i ka ʻanuʻu pyramid o Saqqara, ma ka hema o Memphis, ke kapikala o kona aupuni.

Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka pyramid i hehi ʻia ʻo Djoser ma muli o kona ʻano, ua lilo ia i kumu hoʻohālikelike no nā hui ʻo Giza ma hope a me nā pyramid āpau ʻē aʻe. A manaʻo ʻia ʻo Imhotep ka ʻo ka mea hoʻolālā kiʻi mua mua loa i ka mōʻaukala.

ʻO Cheops, ka mea mua ma waena o nā pharaoh nui loa o ʻAigupita Kahiki

ʻO ia nō ka pharaoh nāna ka ʻO Pyramid Nui o Giza he mea iki mahope a ano nui. Kāhea ʻia nō hoʻi ʻO Jufu, noho aliʻi i nā hopena o ʻAigupita ma waena o nā makahiki 2589 a me 2566 ma mua o Iesū Kristo. ʻO ka mōʻaukala, he kūlana maikaʻi kona ma ke ʻano he hoʻomāinoino, kahi a ka Helene i hāʻawi nui ai Herodotus, mea kākau moʻolelo koʻikoʻi ʻole.

I kēlā me kēia hihia, hoʻoilina iā mākou i ka Great Pyramid o Giza e hana i nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole no ka mea ʻole, ʻo ia wale nō ʻEhiku mau mea kupaianaha o ka Honua kahiko i loaʻa iā mākou i kēia lā a ʻo ka pyramid nui loa hoʻi o ka nui i kūkulu ʻia ma ʻAigupita Kahiki.

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kanaka akamai i kuleana no ka hānai ʻana iā ia ka mea kālai Hemiunu, ʻo ia nō ia manawa ka hale noho aiʻole luna hoʻokolokolo mua ma hope o ka pharaoh ponoʻī. A ʻo ka hanohano o kāna hana e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo o ka ʻo ia ka hale kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua a hiki i ke kenekulia XNUMX ma hope o Karisto, i ka wā i ʻoi aku ai i ke kapikala o Lincoln Cathedral, ma Great Britain.

En Betela Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo ʻAigupita ma Kairo hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi hiʻohiʻona o Cheops. He kiʻi niho ʻelepani liʻiliʻi ia i loaʻa e ka archaeologist Pelekane ʻo Flinders Petrie i Abydos, i kapa ʻia ʻo City Sacred o Osiris.

Khafre, kahi pani pani pono

E ke keiki a Cheops, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia pharaoh ke ʻōlelo ʻia e waiho i kona makuakāne i kahi maikaʻi ʻole. No ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo kāna pyramid ponoʻī wale nō i kūkulu ʻia, akā ʻo ka mea kaulana pū kekahi Sphinx maikaʻi, kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui o ʻAigupita Kahiki.

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Khafre ma waena o nā makahiki 2547 a me 2521 a, inā ʻo ia wale nō ka waiwai nui o nā mea āna i hāʻawi mai ai iā mākou, pono ʻo ia e kū i waena o nā pharaohs koʻikoʻi o ʻAigupita Kahiki. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa iā mākou kahi hōʻike nona: ka noho kiʻi o Jafra, kahi āu e ʻike ai ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo ʻAigupita ma Kairo.

ʻO Tuthmosis III, he naʻi aupuni

ʻO kā mākou pharaoh nui aʻe ʻaʻole i kū nui i waho no kāna mau manaʻo kūkulu e like me kona makemake e naʻi. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana ʻo ia i nā neʻe he nui ma nā panalāʻau o Lebanona, Suria, a me Palesetina i kēia mau lā, i ka wā o kona nohoaliʻi, ua hoʻokō ke aupuni o ʻAigupita i ka ʻoi aku ka palena palena ʻāina.

Ua noho aliʻi ʻo Tuthmosis III mai ka makahiki 1479 a 1425 BC a ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā heiau, ua hana ʻo ia me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea i hala. Eia naʻe, ʻaiʻē ʻo ia i nā mea ʻehiku nui Nā Karnak obelisks. Ua ʻike ʻia kona lua kupapaʻu i ka lua ʻole Ke awāwa o King.

ʻAmelopis III

E like me ka mea ma mua, na ka ʻO ka moʻokūʻauhau XNUMX o ʻAigupita a noho aliʻi ʻo ia ma waena o 1390 a me 1353 ma mua o Iesū Kristo. Ua lōʻihi a holomua kāna noho aliʻi ʻana, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka lanakila ʻana o nā mea i lawe ʻia ma mua e mālama i kahi kūlana hegemonic ma ia wahi.

He mea kūkulu kūkulu maikaʻi ʻo ia. Ma waena o nā hana āna i hāpai ai, ka mea hou luakini o Thebes o Nā Soleb, ma Nubia. ʻO kāna mausoleum wale nō ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻO Colossi o Memnon, ʻelua mau kiʻi nunui e noho ana, he ʻumikūmāwalu paha mika ke kiʻekiʻe o kēlā me kēia.

ʻO Amenhotep IV a i ʻole ʻo Akhenaten, i kapa ʻia ʻo Heretic Farao

Keiki o ka mea ma mua, ua noho aliʻi ʻo ia ma waena o nā makahiki 1353 a me 1336. Ua iho ʻo ia i ka mōʻaukala me ka inoa kapakapa ʻo Paraʻo Heretic no ka mea ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka hoʻomana hoʻomana monetheistic o Aten, ʻo ia wale nō ka lā.

Me he mea lā ʻaʻole lawa kēlā, neʻe ʻo ia i ke kapikala o ke aupuni o Kahua a Ajetaton, ʻo Amarna i kēia manawa, kahi i kūkulu ai i nā luakini nui no ka hoʻomana hou me ka waiwai i hopu ʻia mai nā kahuna kahiko. Akā he kipi kipi hoʻi kēia. A hiki i kēlā manawa, hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻi kiʻi o nā mea no ʻAigupita i nā akua i ʻano kanaka ʻia. Akā me Amenhotep IV ua hāʻawi ʻia ka protagonism i ka ʻohana aliʻi.

A pono mākou e kamaʻilio pū me ʻoe e pili ana i kēia, no ka mea ʻo ka wahine a Paraʻo ka mea kaulana loa ʻO Nefertiti ua ʻike ʻia i nā manawa he nui i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā moʻolelo. He wahine nani e like me ka makana e noho aliʻi ai, manaʻo kekahi mau mea kākau moʻolelo paleo ʻo ia nō ka ʻO Semenejkara ua noho aupuni ʻo ia me ka pharaoh iā ia iho ma mua a ma hope wale nō. Ke hoʻi nei i ke kumuhana o nā hana noʻeau, pololei ka Pūnana Nefertiti ʻO ia kekahi o nā kiʻi kiʻi kaulana loa o ʻAigupita Kahiki.

Ma ke ʻano he aliʻi, ʻo Akhenaten, me ke kōkua o Nefertiti, i hana i nā hoʻololi a pau a mākou i haʻi aku ai iā ʻoe e pili ana i ka ʻO Revolution Revolution. Me ia, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i ka mana aliʻi i kūʻē i nā kahuna nui a ʻo kona manawa ka pōmaikaʻi no ke aupuni.

ʻO Tutankhamun, ka muli loa i waena o nā pharaoh nui o ʻAigupita Kahiko

He keiki ʻo ia na ka mea mua akā ʻaʻole na kāna wahine akā na Meketaton, kona kaikuahine, e like me kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, a i ʻole kekahi o nā ʻanakē ona, e like me ka ʻōlelo a haʻi. Ua noho aliʻi ʻo ia i nā hopena o ʻAigupita ma waena o 1334 a me 1325, me ka hūnā ʻole i ka mea a kona makuakāne i hana ai.

Kāhea ʻia ke Keiki Kid, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hoʻomana hoʻomana nui e hoʻihoʻi ana i ka hapa nui o ka mana i nā kāhuna. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻo ia i ke kapitala i Kahua. Akā ua hoʻōla hou ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i hōʻino ʻia i ka wā kūpikipiki o mua.

ʻAʻole paha ʻo Tutankhamun i waena o nā pharaoh nui o ʻAigupita Kahiko, akā kānalua ʻo ia ka mea kaulana loa. Ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna lua kupapaʻu kokoke e ʻO Howard Carter a ʻo ka hōʻino i manaʻo ʻia ua hāʻule ma luna o ka poʻe āpau i komo i ka ʻike ua hoʻolilo iā ia i ʻano i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka aura kaʻao. Mai laila a hiki i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā moʻokalaleo aia wale nō kahi ʻanuʻu a ua hōkū ke Keiki Mōʻī i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā puke moʻolelo.

Ramses II, ke Aliʻi Kūkulu

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka pharaoh me ke aupuni lōʻihi loa, ʻoiai ʻo ia e noho aliʻi ana no 66 mau makahiki (mai 1279 a 1213 BC). ʻO ia nō paha ka mea nui nā keiki, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli.

Akā ʻike ʻia ʻo ia me ka mōʻī kūkulu no ka nui o nā heiau kupaianaha āna i kūkulu ai. Mawaena o lakou, o kana iho mausoleum, ka ʻO Ramesseum, i ke awāwa o nā mōʻī, a i ʻole nā ​​luakini kaulana i kūkulu ʻia Abu Simbel. Akā ʻo Ramses II i hele i mua loa. Kūkulu ʻo ia i kapikala hou o ke aupuni aupuni ma ka hikina o ka Nile delta. Kāhea ʻo ia iā ia Pi-Ramses Aa-najtu aiʻole ke kūlanakauhale o Ramses. ʻO ka hope, e kamaʻāina pū ka inoa o ka Wahine Aliʻi Nui iā ʻoe: Nefertari, ka mea i unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano "kahi e hoʻomālamalama ai ka lā."

ʻO Cleopatra VII, ka mea nāna i hoʻokau i ka Emepaea Roma

I kona hiki ʻana i ka noho aliʻi i ka makahiki 51 BC, ua pili ka honua i ka honua Rome. Eia nō naʻe, ua hana kēia wahine ikaika i ka mea e hiki ai iā ia ke mālama iā ʻAigupita, ka mea i noho ʻole ʻia i kona wā nui, mai nā lima o nā Latina.

Me ke kānalua ʻole, ʻo ia ka mea kaulana loa o nā mea āpau i kū i ke kūlana pharaoh. Kou mau pilina me ʻO Marco Antonio A me Iulio Kaisara ua hoʻopuka lākou i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni he nui ʻole. Pololei Kaisara, ke keikikāne āna me ka lua, e pani ma hope o ia ma ka noho aliʻi me ka inoa o ʻO Ptolemy XVʻOiai ʻoi aku ka hōʻailona ma mua o nā mea āpau, mai ka wā i make ai ʻo Cleopatra, lilo ʻo ʻAigupita i mokuʻāina Roma.

ʻOiai, he wahine kupaianaha ʻo Cleopatra i ʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi kikowaena diplomatik holoʻokoʻa, alakaʻi i nā pūʻali koa moana a kākau pū i nā puke lapaʻau a me nā puke ʻōlelo.

I ka hopena, ʻo nā mea a mākou i hōʻike aku ai iā ʻoe kekahi o nā pharaoh nui loa o ʻAigupita Kahiki. He ʻaiʻē nui kā mākou iā lākou i nā monumona nui loa o ka honua kahiko a me ka hoʻoilina o kahi lāhui holomua nui loa no kona manawa. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mea koʻikoʻi e like me lākou. O kahi laʻana, Menkaure, aie mākou i ke kolu o ka pyramid o ka pā Giza; Amenemhat I, ka mea kūkulu hale o ka paʻakikī ʻO Lisht a me ka mea kākau o nā hana moʻokalaleo, a i ʻole ke mōʻī wahine-pharaoh Hatshepsut, forerunner o Cleopatra a nāna i kauoha i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Luakini ʻo Deir-el-Bahari A'o ka Hale Pule ʻula o Karnak. ʻAʻole anei ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kēlā mau huapalapala he biografia pīhoihoi?