ʻO nā Cordilleras o Colombia

Inā makemake ʻoe i kekahi lā e huakaʻi a ʻike i nā kahakaha nani loa ma ka honua, mai hoʻolohi nui a hoʻomākaukau i kahi huakaʻi e ʻike i nā Cordilleras o Colombia. ʻO ka pae mauna ʻo Andes ka pae mauna kiʻekiʻe loa a koʻikoʻi hoʻi ma Latin America a hoʻokaʻawale i ka moku ʻo Colombian i ʻekolu mau lālā kūʻokoʻa: ka Cordillera Komohana, ka Central Cordillera a me ka Cordillera Hikina.

Komo ka Cordillera de los Andes i Colombia ma o ka ʻaoʻao komohana hema o ka ʻāina a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau kaulahao: Ke Komohana Cordillera a me ka Central Cordillera. Hoʻokaʻawale ka Central Mountain Range i ʻelua mau lālā i ka Colombian Massif a i ʻole Almaguer's Nude, e piʻi ana i ka Mountain Mountain Range. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Pacific Ring of Fire kahi mea i makemake nui ʻia no ka mea ua hana ʻia e nā luaipele lehulehu a loaʻa i kēia wahi. Aia ka lua pele ʻo Galeras ma kahi kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Pasto a me ka Nevado del Ruiz a he luapele kekahi i kaulana no kā lākou hana hou.

He aha ka pae mauna?

Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i nā laulā kuahiwi koʻikoʻi i Colombia, e wehewehe he pae mauna aha ia.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka cordillera, nā kaulahao a me ka ʻōnaehana mauna, a i ʻole nā ​​mauna maʻalahi ..? ʻĀ, e hoʻāʻo ana wau e wehewehe aku iā ʻoe. Inā mākou e hele i ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo a nānā i kahi pae mauna, wehewehe ia e like me: kahi kuʻuna o nā kuahiwi i pili pū. I kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ia mai ka sierra i ka helu o nā kuahiwi, ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka cordillera. E ʻōlelo kākou nā mauna nā mahele a mākou e hana ai i nā pae mauna.

Pehea e hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi pae mauna

I kēia manawa inā ʻeli mākou i kahi hohonu, a ʻike iā ia mai ke kuanaʻike honua, e haʻi wau iā ʻoe i kēlā hana ʻia nā pae kuahiwi i nā wahi pelu a i ʻole i ka pae pelu. Ma nā wahi elongated e waiho nei ma ka lihi o nā ʻāina, nui ka nui o nā mea sedimentary e hōʻiliʻili ʻia, inā kū ka nui i kēia kaomi ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka nui o nā pae mauna nui e like me ka Himalayas ma ʻAsia, nā Andes ma ʻAmelika Hema a i ʻole nā ​​European Alps i hoʻokumu ʻia.

ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i ka neʻe, a laila ke kumu o ka pelu ʻana:

• Ma ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana ma waena o nā papa ʻĀinapuniʻole ka lithosfer, ʻO ka pā waho loa o ka Honua, nona ka hohonu hohonu ma waena o 10 a 50 mau kilomita, hoʻopōkole, pelu a wāwahi paha a hoʻonui i nā pae mauna (ʻoiai, he like kēia me nā pae mauna). Pēlā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka pae mauna Himalayan, ke kiʻekiʻe loa ma luna. Hoʻolahalaha kēia kuahiwi ma waena o nā ʻāina: Bhutan, Nepal, Kina a me India a ma loko o laila e loaʻa ai iā mākou he 10 o ka ʻumikūmāhā mau piko ʻoi aku ma mua o 8.000 mika ke kiʻekiʻe, aia ma luna o ka ʻilikai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
• Ma ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana, akā i loko o ʻelua mau papa tectonic. Hāʻawi ʻia nā Pyrenees i laʻana.
• Ma ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana ma waena o ka pā moana a me ka pā kontinental, a laila hāʻule ka pae kai. ʻO kahi laʻana maʻamau ka pae mauna ʻo Andes, ʻo ia ka pae mauna ʻoi loa ma ka honua a ma loko e ʻike ai mākou i nā luaipele kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua.

ʻO nā ʻenekini e like me ka wai a me ka makani, a me nā mea kanu ponoʻī a me nā ʻano o ka lepo, komo a hana i nā pae mauna No laila ʻAʻole wale nā ​​pae mauna ma ka Honua, ma nā paneta ʻē aʻe, e like me Mars, aia pū kekahi, ʻo ka Tarsis ka mea kaulana loa.

ʻO kahi hoihoi, ʻaʻole maopopo ia ʻo wai ka mauna kahiko loa ma ka honua, akā ʻo ka tepui a me tepui kekahi papa o nā kula kiʻekiʻe ʻoi loa, me nā paia kū i luna. Kuhi ʻia ʻo kēia ʻano kuahiwi nā hana kahiko loa, no ka mea mai ka Precambrian lākou i hoʻomaka ai. Akā ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou ka nui o ka papa kai.

Paʻa kai

Ta ua kamaʻilio wau e pili ana i nā pae mauna a mākou e "ʻike" akā aia kekahi mau pae mauna ma nā moana, ʻo ia nā kualono kai i kapa ʻia, ka mea i hana maoli i ka ʻōnaehana mauna nui loa, ma kahi o 60.000 kilomita ka loa. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea e ka neʻe ʻana o nā papa tectonic.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau mauna ma lalo o ka wai he 2.000 a 3.000 mau mika. ʻO kēia mau ʻano kuahiwi e loaʻa i kahi hōʻoluʻolu nui loa, me nā pali ākea a me nā kualono i kahakaha pinepine ʻia e kahi ʻāpana longitudinal hohonu, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo kahi sinkhole a i ʻole kahi ʻāwaha, kahi e ulu pinepine ai nā ʻōlaʻi o ka honua. Ma o kēia mau sediment e hōʻiliʻili ana ma nā kihi, hoʻonui mānoanoa ka mānoanoa o ka luaipele

I kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka Moana ʻAkelanika e neʻe ana ka pali ma kahi o 2 mau kenimika o ka makahiki, ʻoiai ma ka hikina o ka Pākīpika e neʻe wikiwiki ana, ma kahi o 14 kenimika.

Ua piʻi aʻe kekahi mau kuahiwi i kēia mau pae ma luna o ka ʻilikai a ua hoʻonui i nā mokupuni lua pele e like me Iceland.

ʻO nā Cordilleras o Colombia

ʻO ka Cordillera Komohana

Aia ka lōʻihi o ka Cordillera Komohana ma kahi o 1.200 km a holo i ka ʻākau ma waena o ka ʻāina mai ka Nudo de los Pastos ma ke keʻena ʻo Nariño ma ke komohana hema ʻo Colombia a hiki i ka Nudo de Paramillo ma ka ʻāpana o Córdoba, aia ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina.

ʻO nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe loa ma ke Komohana Cordillera ma ke ʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe-:

• Pele lua ʻo Cumbal: 4.764 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe.
• Ka luaipele ʻo Chile: 4.748 m kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO ka lua pele Azufral: 4.070 m kiʻekiʻe.
• Farallones de Cali: mai 200 a i 4.280 m kiʻekiʻe.
• Puʻu Tatamá: 4.200 m kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO Paramillo massif a i ʻole Paramillo del Sinú: mai 100 a 3.960 m kiʻekiʻe.
• Hill Munchique: 3.012 m kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka mauna mauna waena

Hoʻolahalaha ke kikowaena Cordillera mai ka Nudo de Almaguer a i ʻole Colombian Massif ma ka keʻena ʻo Cauca a i ka Serranía de San Lucas de Bolívar ma ka ʻĀkau o Colombia. ʻO ia ka pae mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻāina me nā piko ma luna o 5.700 mika ke kiʻekiʻe a ʻo kona lōʻihi he 1.000 km.

ʻO nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka Central Cordillera ma ke ʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe-:

• Nevado del Huila: 5.750 m kiʻekiʻe.
• Nevado del Ruiz: 5.321 m kiʻekiʻe.
• Nevado del Tolim: 5.216 m kiʻekiʻe.
• Nevado de Santa Isabel: 5.150 m kiʻekiʻe.
• Nevado del Cisne: 4.800 m kiʻekiʻe.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, he mau mauna kiʻekiʻe kona e ʻike mai ana iā lākou mai kahi mamao aku e mahalo ai no ka nui. He kanalua ʻole lākou i ke kūlohelohe i laki ai ʻo Colombia. Nui nā poʻe e huakaʻi i kēia pae mauna me ka manaʻo e ʻike i kēia mau kuahiwi a e nanea i ko lākou nani āpau.

ʻO ka Cordillera Hikina

ʻO ka hikina ʻo Cordillera ka mauna mauna nui loa ma ka ʻāina me ka lōʻihi o ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 1.200 km. Hoʻonui ʻia kēia kuahiwi mai ka Almaguer knot a i ka mauna mauna Perijá, ma ke keʻena ʻo La Guajira, ma ka ʻākau o Colombia.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Cordillera i ʻelua mau lālā: ka pae mauna ʻo Motilones e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻākau a me ka pae mauna ʻo Táchira e hele i ka palena ma waena o Colombia a me Venezuela.

ʻO nā mauna kiʻekiʻe loa o ka Hikina Cordillera ma ke ʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe-:

• ʻO Sierra Nevada del Cocuy: 5.330 m kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO ka moʻo Sumapaz: 3.820 m kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO ka Páramo de Pisba: 3.800 m kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO Sierra de Perijá: 3.750 m kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO ka Choachí moor: 2.980 m kiʻekiʻe.

Eia kekahi ma ka hikina ʻo Cordillera hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā pā nui, no ka maikaʻi a me ka waiwai nui no Colombia. Kū lākou i waho:

• ʻO ka savannah o Bogotá: 2.600 mika ke kiʻekiʻe, kahi i kū ai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Bogotá.
• ʻO ka Ubaté savana: 2.570 m ke kiʻekiʻe.
• Ke awāwa ʻo Sogamoso: 2.570 m ke kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina ma Colombia

Ma waho aʻe o nā mauna Andes a me nā mea āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, aia nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina i mea nui loa no nā mea āpau o Colombia a me Latin America kahi manaʻo maikaʻi e ʻike ʻoe, inā i kekahi lā makemake ʻoe i ka huakaʻi i ko lākou ʻāina e ʻike i kēia mau mea kupaianaha o ka honua.

Sierra Nevada o Santa Marta

Loaʻa ia i nā kahakai kahakai o ka Caribbean. Hoʻonui ia ma waena o nā keʻena o Magdalena, Cesar a me La Guajira. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5.775 mau mika (18.947 kapuaʻi) ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻO ka piko kiʻekiʻe loa i hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ʻo ia ʻo Cristóbal Colón a ukali ʻia e Simón Bolívar. ʻO ia ka mauna mauna i uhi ʻia i ka hau i Colombia. ʻO kēia ʻāpana mauna ma kahi o 17.000 kilomika kilomika.

ʻO Montes de María a i ʻole ka pae mauna ʻo San Jacinto

Aia ia ma waena o nā keʻena o Bolívar a me Sucre ma nā kahakai kahakai o ka Caribbean. He 810 mau mika kona kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO Serranía de la Macuira

Aia ia ma ke Keʻena ʻo La Guajira a kahi kiʻekiʻe o 810 mau mika. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻāpana o 250 km kuea.

ʻO Serranía del Darién

Aia ia ma ke keʻena ʻo Chocó. ʻĀpana o ka palena ma waena o Colombia a me Panama. He kiʻekiʻe kona o 1.910 mau mika ma ka puʻu ʻo Tacurcuna.

ʻO Serranía del Baudo

Aia ia ma ke keʻena ʻo Chocó, kokoke i ke kapakai o ka Moana Pākīpika. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai nā ipu o nā kahawai Atrato a me Baudo a kūlike i ke kapakai me nā kiʻi nani o nā kuahiwi e pili ana i ke kai. He kiʻekiʻe kona o 1.810 mau mika.

ʻO Serranía de la Macarena

Aia ia ma ke keʻena ʻo Meta, ma ka hikina hema o ka Hikina Cordillera. He kiʻekiʻe kona ma kahi o 2.000 mau mika. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi o 625 kilomika kilomika.

ʻO Serranía del Perijá a i ʻole Serranía de los Motilones ma ka hema wahi

Loaʻa ia ma Northeast Colombia. Lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he palena palena me Venezuela ma waena o nā keʻena o La Guajira a me Norte de Santander. He kiʻekiʻena ʻo 287 mau mika.

Nā Kiʻekiʻena Hikina Hema

Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma ka Hikina Hikina. Hoʻolahalaha nā puʻu e like me Iguaje a me Yambi me nā pā haʻahaʻa, a me ka Sierra de Araracuara.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, he nui nā Cordilleras o Colombia e hōʻike i ka honua, a paʻakikī ko lākou nani e paʻi.