He ʻumi mau kenekulia o ka hoʻolālā hale ma Prague

ʻO kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale nani loa ma ʻEulopa ʻO Prague, ke kapikala o ka Lepupalika Czech. He kūlanakauhale ia me ka nui o ka mōʻaukala no ka mea ʻo kekahi o nā hanana nui i ʻEulopa i loaʻa i kā lākou mokuna ʻaneʻi.

ʻO kēlā mōʻaukala ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia me kahi kūlana kū hoʻokahi a kupaianaha maoli hoʻi o ke kaona. Kenekulia o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia ma nā alanui o Prague a e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēlā i kēia ʻatikala o kēia lā.

ʻO Prague, ke kūlanakauhale

ʻO ka poʻe Celts ka poʻe mua i noho ma aneʻi i kahi ala paʻa, ma hope ua hōʻea nā Kelemania a me Slavs. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Prague i ka kenekulia XNUMX. Ua hoʻolilo nā mōʻī o Bohemia iā Prague i kahi noho o kā lākou aupuni a ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau aliʻi nui he Emepela Roma Hemolele ia.

ʻO Prague ulu nui i ka XNUMX mau kenekulia i ka wā i hoʻonui ai ʻo King Charles IV i ke kūlanakauhale me nā hale hou ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka Vltava, e hui pū ana me lākou me ke kūkulu ʻana i alahaka. Ma ke kenekulia XNUMX ua hele ʻo Bohemia i ka lima o ka Habsburgs a laila lilo ʻo Prague i panalāʻau Austrian.

Ma hope o ke Kaua 30 Makahiki, ua hoʻomau ke kūlanakauhale i ka ulu waiwai a ua unuhi ʻia ka bonanza i nā loli kuhikuhipuʻuone. A laila e hele mai nā kaua honua ʻelua a Tiekasolowakia, ma lalo o ka ʻaoʻao Soviet. ʻO ka hope, i 1989 i ʻōlelo maikaʻi ai ʻo Prague i ka pilikanaka, ʻo ia ke kikowaena o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Vvett Revolution.

Ua nalowale ʻo Czechoslovakia mai ka palapala ʻāina a ua hānau ʻia ʻelua mau ʻāina: ʻo Czech Republic a me Slovakia. ʻO Prague ke kapikala o ka mea ma mua mai ia manawa.

Kuhikuhipuʻuone ma Prague

Me kēia nui o nā kenekulia o ke ola ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka He hale nani a ʻano like ʻole ko Prague, ka mau kaila e noho like ana. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he kūlanakauhale nui loa, kūpono ia e mākaʻikaʻi iā ia a me ka wāwae, e mahalo ai i kēia lehulehu o nā hale.

Hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēia nā ʻano kālai hale ma Prague: Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Classical and Imperial, Historianist, Moorish Revival, Art-Noveau, Cubism a me Rondocubism, Functionalist a me Communist.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā Romanesque ma Prague

ʻ tellslelo mai ka inoa Romanesque iā mākou e pili ana kēia hoʻolālā me nā Roma a he ʻano i hoʻokau ʻia ma ʻEulopa i ka wā waena. hoʻoulu ʻia e ka wā kahiko.

ʻO Romanesque kuhikuhipuʻuone kahi hui o nā kaila Roman a me Byzantine a ʻike ʻia e nā hoaka, nā kolamu hoʻohanohano, nā hale kiaʻi ikaika a hoʻokau, nā paia ākea a me nā hale kiaʻi. Maʻalahi a maʻalahi nā hale.

He aha ka hoʻolālā Romanesque ma laila ma Prague? Aia ma laila ka Rotunda o ke Keʻa Hemolele, mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ma ke kaona kahiko. ʻO kekahi rotunda, hale pōʻai, ʻo ia o ʻO San Martin, ka mea kahiko o ke kūlanakauhale Mai ka manawa o Vratislav I. Mai ka kenekulia XNUMX mai a wehe wale i ka wā o nā haipule.

Aia no kekahi ka rotunda o St. Longinus, ma ke alanui Stepanska a kokoke i ka Halepule o San Stepan. ʻO ia ka rotunda liʻiliʻi ma ke kūlanakauhale a hoʻomaka ʻia mai ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻO Basilica o Saint GeorgeʻOiai he mau ʻano baroque kāna i hoʻohui ʻia iā ia i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāhiku, akā mālama ʻia kahi ʻaoʻao kupaianaha a me ka monumental o loko.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā Gothic ma Prague

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma luna, ua lilo ka style Romanesque i Gothic ma Palani i ka kenekulia XNUMX. Ma hope ua hoʻonui ʻia i loko o ke koena o ʻEulopa a hiki i ka kenekulia XNUMX, i loaʻa kahi ala hou i ka XNUMX kenekulia. Kuhi ʻia kēia kaila e ʻO nā kakaka kuhi, nā aniani kala i kala ʻia, nā waihona lepe a me nā wahi lele. ʻO kahi kaila i ʻike nui ʻia i nā hale pule a ma hope ma nā kula nui. ʻLelo ia i ka hanohano o ke Akua a me ka ʻike.

Ma Prague ʻike mākou i ke kaila Gothic i ka ʻO Charles Bridge, nani, hoʻihoʻi hou mai nei. Aia no kekahi ka Ka Halepule o St. Vitus, Komikina ʻia e Charles IV i ka makahiki 1344, a hoʻoulu ʻia e nā hale pule nui o Palani, a me ka Ka Halepule o kā mākou Lede ma mua o Tyn. Aia kēia hale pule i waenakonu o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko a he mea hoihoi ia, keu hoʻi i ka pō. Kūkulu ʻia ia ma 1365 me nā kālā mai nā kālepa Kelemania.

Aia no kekahi ka Hale kia lepo 65 mika ke kiʻekiʻe, kūkulu ʻia e Matous Rejsek i ka 1475. Aia ia ma ka hoʻomaka o ke ala Coronaʻi a he aristocratic loa ia. Hahai ʻia e ʻO Convent o San Agnes de Bohemia, hoʻokumu ʻia e Princess Agenes o Premyslid i ka makahiki 1231. ʻO ia ka hale gothic kahiko loa ma Prague a pili i ke kauoha Franciscan. Ua lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he crypt no kēia moʻokūʻauhau.

La Hale Pohaku Pohaku Aia ia ma ka Old Town Square a he hiʻohiʻona nani kekahi o Gothic ma Prague. Kūkulu ʻia ia i ke kenekulia 80 a ua hoʻihoʻi piha ʻia i nā makahiki XNUMX o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā Renaissance ma Prague

Hoʻolālā ka hoʻolālā Renaissance ma waena o ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia XNUMX a me ka makahiki XNUMX. ʻO Florence a me kāna dome he mau laʻana. Ua hoʻolaha aku kēia kaila i ʻItalia a laila i Palani, Kelemania a me nā ʻāina kokoke, a hiki i Russia.

Lawe ka hoʻolālā Renaissance i nā mea o nā moʻomeheu Helene a me Roma hoʻi i ka symmetry, geometry a me kau kumu o kēlā manawa. Pehea? Ke hoʻohana nei i nā pou, nā kia, nā kia, nā pou a me nā fresko.

Ma Prague hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kaila Renaissance i ka Hale Aliʻi Kauwela Aliʻi, Komikina ʻia e Ferdinando I i 1538 no kāna wahine, Queen Anne Rumi pāʻaniAia ia ma ka Royal Gardens, mai ka waena waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Pāʻani kinipōpō a me ka badmington ma aneʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou ʻano mua. ʻO kekahi laʻana ʻo ia ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Schwarzenberg, ma ka Hradcanske Square, i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo i loko o kona pā.

El Hōkū Hale Aliʻi ʻO ia kekahi hale ʻo Renaissance, symmetrical maikaʻi, a ʻo ia pū kekahi Hale o ke Kuhina, ma ke kahua kaona kahiko. He helehelena hoʻonani ʻia ʻo ia me nā kiʻi mai ka moʻolelo Helene a me kekahi mau kūmole Baibala pū kekahi. Mai ka wanaʻao XNUMX a ua manaʻo ʻia he hale kūʻai paka ia.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā Baroque ma Prague

Ua hānau ʻia ke kaila baroque i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāhiku i Italia a ulu lima i ka lima me ka Katolika a me ka Mokuʻāina. ʻO kēia kaila Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e nā kiʻi kiʻi pua, nā nui o ke kala, nā mālamalama, nā aka, nā kiʻi pena, nā fresko kala like ʻole a me ke gula he nui. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka poʻe hanohano ʻItalia a me ka hale pule i kēia kaila no laila e hōʻike ana i ko lākou mana a me kā lākou waiwai.

I Prague ʻike ʻia kēia kaila i ka Ka Halepule o kā mākou Lede o ka Lanakila, kūkulu ʻia e nā poʻe Lūkini Kelemania i ka makahiki 1613. Ua lilo ia i loko o ka lima o ka Discalced Carmelites i ka makahiki 1620. Ka ʻO Monastery Strahov Aia ia ma kahi puʻu a ʻo ka lua o ka mōneka kahiko loa ma ke kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻi mai ia i ke kenekulia XNUMX a he mea kupaianaha ia, kahi pūnaewele maluhia a nani hoʻi.

Aia no kekahi ka Ka Halepule o San Nicolás, me kahi dome kupaianaha, mai ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻO ka ʻO Chateau Troja Hoʻopuni ʻia ia e nā māla nani a me nā māla waina kahiko. Ua kūkulu ʻia me ke kālā o ka ʻohana Sternberg waiwai a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke nalo. ʻO ka Loreta No 1626 ia a aia i ka lima o nā mōneka Capuchin. He huakaʻi hele ia ma mua a he mau fresco nani.

El Hale Aliʻi ʻo Sternberg Aia ia ma Hradcanske Square hūnā ʻia ia ma hope o ka hale aliʻi o ka Archb Bishop. Ma hope o nā puka hao nui kēia mea nani Baroque i kūkulu ʻia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻO Rococo kuhikuhipuʻuone ma Prague

ʻO ka rococo hānau ʻia ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX i ka ʻāina ʻĀinapuni ʻole ʻEulopa a me kāna mana hou loa fuse nā mea Farani. ʻO ka inoa ka uniona o baroko Ikalia me ka huaʻōlelo Palani pōhaku pōhaku, pūpū. No laila, waiwai kēia kaila i nā kāʻei elaborate, nā mea hoʻonani i hoʻonui ʻia, nā mea leʻaleʻa, nā aniani, nā mea kōkua, nā kiʻi pena ...

I Prague ʻike ʻoe i ke kaila rococo i ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo ʻAkopihopa kūkulu ʻia i ke kenekulia 1420, ke hoʻololi nei i ka hale rococo kahiko i puhi ʻia i ka makahiki XNUMX. Nui, keʻokeʻo a hoʻokau. Aia no kekahi ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Kinsky, me kahi helehelena stucco ʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo hoʻi i nani. Kūkulu ʻia ia ma waenakonu o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā papa a me ka imperial ma Prague

Kuhi ʻia kēia kaila e ka hoʻokau a huli maila ʻano o nā hale lehulehu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e kāpae nei i ke kaila kāhiko o Rococo. He ʻano nani ʻole ia, noʻonoʻo, ʻoi aku ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka poʻe a me ka Mokuʻāina ma mua o nā aliʻi a me nā kāhuna pule.

Ma Prague ʻike mākou e ʻike ʻia i ka Hale Keaka ʻo Prague State, me kona mau kolamu, kona palette kukui a me kona mau paia i pena ʻia i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Maʻaneʻi ʻo Mozart ponoʻī i alakaʻi i kāna mau hana.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā mōʻaukala ma Prague

ʻO Historicism i ka hoʻolālā a me nā hana a hoʻi i ka wā i hala, i ka classicism ʻoiai me kekahi mau paʻi o nā kaila ʻē aʻe pū kekahi. ʻAʻole ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ia, no ka mea, pono ke nānā aku i mua ʻaʻole hoʻi i hope, akā ke ʻōlelo nei ia ma Prague.

Ma hea? I ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike National ma Prague, mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ma Wenceslas Square, ka Hale Keaka Aupuni mai ka manawa like, ka loko o ka Hale Keaka Opera, mai ka makahiki 1888, ka Halealiʻi Hanavsky, ma Parque Lena, kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1891 a me ke kaila neo-baroque me ka hao he nui.

Aia no kekahi ka Halepule o San Pedro a me San Pablo, i ka pā kaua Vysehrad, neo-Gothic, me nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua a me ka Ka Halepule o Saint Ludmila, me kahi helehelena hoʻohanohano.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻoliʻiliʻi Moorish ma Prague

I kekahi manawa i ka neʻe ʻana o ka Romantic, aloha aloha ʻo ʻEulopa me ka ka hikina, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka XNUMX kenekulia.

I kēlā manawa he nui nā hale i kūkulu ʻia i ke kaila hōʻeuʻeu Moorish, a i ka hihia ʻo Prague ʻike mākou ia i ka Halepule Sepania o 1868, ma muli o ke Alhambra a me ka Halehalawai Iubile o 1906.

ʻO Art-Nouveau kuhikuhipuʻuone ma Prague

ʻO koʻu kaila punahele, pono wau e ʻōlelo, i hōʻike ʻia i nā wahi he nui: nā mea kāhiko, nā lole, nā lako hale, nā hale ... Ma Prague ʻike mākou i kēia kaila nani i ka Hale Kūlanakauhale o 1911, ka Hotele Evropa ma Wenceslas Square, kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1889, ka Hotel Paris 1904 a Hale o Wilsonova ma ke kahua kaʻaahi.

Aia pū kekahi Hale Aliʻi ʻoihana, kekahi o ka mua nā hale kila i loko o kēia mau ʻāina, he hale aliʻi aniani maoli a me ka hao i hoʻomaka ʻia mai ka makahiki 1891. ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kaila ʻo Art-Nouveau Hale Kumuhana, i mua o ka National Theatre a me ka Kahi Waihona Vysehrad, he kahua haʻalele haʻalele ʻia ma mua he nani, ka Hale Keaka ʻo Vinohrady,ʻia Villa Saloun'O Holo Koruna aiʻole ʻO Villa Bilek ka mea lawelawe i kēia lā ma ke ʻano he Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kūlanakauhale.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā Cubist a me Rondocubist

Hele pū ʻo Cubism me Paul cezanne a mai nā makahiki he umi o ke kenekulia iwakālua. Nā kupa, nā hoʻolālā, kahi kaila ʻO Picassa i ʻole kikoʻī loa, ʻo ia ke ʻano o kēia kaila. ʻAʻole hiki ke kaupalena ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻāina a ma loko o Czechs hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea pena kiʻi ʻo Emil Fila a i ʻole Josef Capek a me nā mea kālaiʻike a me nā mea kālai kiʻi i waiho i ko lākou māka ma ke kūlanakauhale.

No laila, ma loko o kēia kaila ka Hale o ka Madonna ʻEleʻele, o ka pōhaku paʻa, kūkulu ʻia ma waena o 1911 a me 1912, ka ʻO Villa Kovarovic, kahi o nā haumāna kuhikuhipuʻuone. Aia kekahi a kia kukui cubist, ʻo ia wale nō ma ka honua, ma ke kihi o Wenceslas Square a me ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Adria'O Panakō Legio, rondocubist hou aku.

ʻO ke kuhikuhina hana ma Prague

'Thislelo kēiaʻano e pono e hoʻopili ka hale i kāna hoʻohana, i kāna hana, no laila ʻike ʻia e nā laina maopopo a liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe kikoʻī pahas a me ka hoʻonaninani.

I ke kaila hana ʻo ia ka ʻO Villa Muller'O ʻO ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Veletrzni, ka Hale Manes 1930, ka Halepule ʻo St. Wenceslas, mai nā makahiki 30, a me nā Pākuʻi ʻo Barrandov, ma ka muliwai Vltava, ʻoiai ke kaumaha i ka haʻalele frank. He hale ʻaina ma mua ma 1929, he wai ʻauʻau, nā balconies ...

ʻO ka hoʻolālā Komunista ma Prague

ʻO ka hope, hiki mākou i wā soviet mai Prague. He ʻano ponoʻī kā Communism: grand, hina, pōkā. ʻAno maikaʻi ʻole.

Ma Prague ʻike mākou ia i ka hale Parliament mua, mai ka makahiki 60, ka hale ʻaina Expo 58, ma Letna Park, ka Hōkele ʻo Crown Plaza mai nā makahiki 50, ʻo ka tHale kūʻai ʻo Kotva, mai ka makahiki 1975, a Hale kiaʻi Zizkov 216 mau mika kiʻekiʻe i kūkulu ʻia ma waena o 1985 a 1992, a ʻo ka Nā Panelaks, nā hale nunui i kūkulu ʻia ma nā wahi o waho o ke kūlanakauhale a hoʻoulu ʻia e Le Corbusier.

Ma hope o ka hāʻule o ka Communism, ua kūkulu ʻia he mea liʻiliʻi loa i loko o Prague, akā manaʻo wau me ka nui o nā kaila i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, ʻo nā mea aloha i ka mōʻaukala, nā mea noʻeau a me nā hoʻolālā e loaʻa nā hola o ka hele wāwae