ʻO ka pīʻāpā a me ke kākau ʻana o Helene kahiko

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pīʻāpā Helene a me ke kākau ʻana i nā mea i hana ʻia e ka Poenikia. No ka Hikina Waena kēia mau mea, he mau hoʻokele hoʻokele i hoʻokumu i nā hale hana a i ʻole nā ​​kolone kalepa ma waena o ka Maluwela e hōʻea ana i ka Peninsula Iberian.

Akā ʻo lākou kekahi i hana mua i huapalapala, ʻo ia, kahi o nā hōʻike kiʻi o nā leo. A hiki i kēlā manawa, kākau ʻia nā kiʻiona e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻo. ʻO ia ka mea i kapa ʻia kākau pictographic.

ʻO kahi mea mua o ka pīʻāpā a me ke kākau ʻana o Helene kahiko: Linear B

Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka pīʻāpā Phoenik e nā mea nāna i haku i loko o ke Kai Nui. ʻO lākou āpau, ʻo ka holomua paha ka Helene, nāna nō i hoʻopiha.

Eia nō naʻe, pono mākou e haʻi iā ʻoe ʻaʻole ia ka ʻōnaehana kākau mua i hoʻohana ʻia e nā Hellene. Ma mua o kēia manawa ka mea i kapa ʻia Laina B, hoʻohana ʻia i ka Ka wā Mycenaean, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka mea ma mua o ka Helene Classical, e uhi ana, ma kahi o, 1600 a 1200 BC a he mau protagonist nā kūlanakauhale o Troy, Kahua, ʻO Atenas o ʻO Tiryns.

Laina B, i ʻike ʻia no Helene Mycenaean, he ʻano ia o kākau syllabic. ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka mea nona nā hōʻailona e hui pū i kahi kani leo a me kahi consonant (kahi ʻāpana). ʻAʻole pili kāna hana i ka palapala, akā hoʻomalu wale nō. Ua hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i nā lilo o nā hale aliʻi. Ma ke ʻano he kumu no ke kākau ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ia mau mea papa pālolo ka mea, i ka hopena o ka makahiki, luku ʻia e hoʻomaka i kahi helu kālā hou.

Nā hana hou Helene i ka pīʻāpā Phoenician

No laila, i ka manawa i lawe ai ka poʻe Helene i ka pīʻāpā Phoenician ma kahi o 1100 BC, ua hui pū lākou me kā lākou ʻano hana kākau ponoʻī I kēia ala, ua hōʻano hou lākou i ia mea a hoʻonui i ka hana a me ka hana. Ma waena o kāna mau makana, kū aʻe ka mea aʻe.

Hoʻolauna o nā huelo

ʻO ka hana hou i lawe ʻia e Hellena ka hoʻolauna o nā huelo, ʻaʻohe mea i kākau ma Poenikia kākau. No ke koho ʻana iā lākou, mai noʻonoʻo ua hana lākou i ka noʻonoʻo i kekahi. Ua kaupalena lākou iā lākou iho i ka ʻae ʻana i kekahi mau hōʻailona o ke kumu hoʻohālike Poinike ʻaʻole lākou e pono ai no kā lākou ʻōlelo a ua hoʻolilo lākou iā lākou i mau pēpili hua leo. ʻO nā huela mua alpha, epsilon, iota, omicron e ipsilon.

Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui kēia haʻawina no ka moʻolelo o Humanity. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā alphabets āpau āpau e hoʻopili ana i nā hōʻailona leo e pili ana i ka Helene.

Nā hāʻawi ʻē aʻe i ka pīʻāpā a me ke kākau ʻana o Helene kahiko

Ua hoʻolauna pū kekahi mau Hellenes i nā mea hou i ka pīʻāpā hoʻoilina. No laila, ua hana lākou i ʻekolu mau consonants hou: ka Fi A'o ka Gi ma ke ʻano he hōʻike no ke kani ʻole o nā leo ʻiʻini ʻole ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Phoenekia a me ka Psi i hoʻohana mau ʻia i kēia lā i ka ʻōlelo haipule. Unuhi ʻia e nā Roma, ʻike mau ʻia ia ma Sepania ke kākau ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo e like me "psychology" a i ʻole "psychiatry."

ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka pīʻāpā Helene

I kona kumu, ua loaʻa ka pīʻāpā a me ke kākau ʻana o Helene kahiko i kekahi mau pela ʻana i nalowale ma hope. ʻO lākou nā hihia o ka digram, nāna i hana hou i ka auwe Poenikia; ka san, i like ke kani o ke sigma a no laila maʻalahi e huikau, a i ʻole ka auwe, nāna i hana hou i ke kani uvular pāhū qop o ko Poinikia i noho ʻole ma ka Helene.

Akā ʻoi aku ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole i like ka pīʻāpā Helene. ʻO kahi kikoʻī, ʻelua ona ʻano nui: ka hikina a ionic paha, i hānai ʻia e Atenai i ka makahiki 406 BC, a ʻo ka komohana a i ʻole calcidic, nāna i hāpai i ka pīʻāpā Etruscan a, mai kēia, i ka Roma.

Ua hoʻololi pū ka poʻe Helene i kā lākou ʻano kākau. I ka mua, ua hoʻohana lākou i kākau ʻaʻano bustrofedon, me ke kākau ʻana i kahi laina mai ka ʻākau a ka hema, ka mea aʻe mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau a pēlā aku. Ma kēia ala, ua hoʻomaka mau lākou e kākau ma ka ʻaoʻao kahi a lākou i hoʻopau ai i ka laina mua.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa a Atenai i lawe ai i ka pīʻāpā Helene, hana mau ʻia ke kākau ʻana mai ka hema a me ka ʻākau e like me kā mākou e hana nei i ke komohana.

Nā helu, kahi noi ʻē aʻe o ka pīʻāpā Helene

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe Roma i kā lākou mau leka i ka helu. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana mau mākou i nā helu Roma i kēia lā, no ka laʻana, no nā kenekulia. Eia naʻe, ua hana ʻia kēia e nā Helene kahiko. ʻO ia kikoʻī ma ka ʻĀina ʻo Ionia, ʻoi aku a liʻiliʻi paha i piha i ke kai waena a me ke komohana o Anatolian, i kēia lā Tureke, a me kona mau mokupuni.

E like me kā Latinos e hana ai ma hope, ʻo kēlā me kēia leka o ka huaʻōlelo Helene i helu i kahi helu. A mālama lākou no kēia ʻōnaehana i nā leka primitive a lākou i hoʻopau ai. Ma kahi laʻana, e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe he waiwai ka alpha 1, he 2 ka waiwai o beta a pēlā a hiki i ko mākou hiki ʻana i iota i waiwai ʻia 10. Eia naʻe, mai kēia mea, ua loaʻa i ke kappa ka waiwai he 20, lambda o 30 a ʻo kaʻu o 40.

Kākoʻo ʻo Helene no ke kākau ʻana

ʻOiai e hoʻopiha ana i kā lākou pīʻāpā a me nā helu, ʻo nā Helene kekahi hoʻomaikaʻi nā kākoʻo lākou i kākau ai ma mua. I ke kumumanaʻo a like me ka poʻe Phoenike, hoʻohana lākou i nā papa pālolo palupalu a me nā mea kani kiko. Akā, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hānai lākou pākaukau hou aʻe (me ka wax impregnated wahie) a me ka papyrus a me ka pāheʻe.

I ka hopena, i kā Helene mākou ʻaiʻē ka hana ʻana i ka pīʻāpā e like me kā mākou e maopopo ai i kēia lā, me nā leo leo a me nā consonants. Akā, me ka hoʻohui, mahalo i ke ʻano o kēia, ua hiki iā mākou ke mālama i nā hana a nā mea kākau nui o ka Kahiko Helene i nā ʻike āpau, mai Philosophy a i Medicine. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike mākou i kēlā Hoʻokena ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kākau i kekahi mea, akā ua kākau ʻia kāna mau manaʻo e kāna haumāna Plato nāna, no kāna ʻaoʻao, i kākau i kāna iho. ʻAʻole anei ʻoe e manaʻo e mahalo aku mākou i nā Helene no kēia lawelawe hanohano?