Muna 1974 mumwe murimi anonzi Yang Zhifa paakatanga kuchera tsime kweawa kubva kuXi'an, mudunhu reChina Shaanxi, aisambofungidzira kuti aizopedzisira awana kunyange Zviuru zviuru zvisere zvevarwi nemabhiza akagadzirwa muTerracotta, dzese dzakarairwa kuti dzivakwe namambo akazadzwa nezvivezwa. Makore gare gare, Terracotta Warriors inoramba iri Chakavanzika chikuru chekupedzisira cheChina yakavhurwa kune nyika uye pamwe zvakare yeimwe yeinoshamisa kwazvo.
Terracotta Varwi: An Emperor Yekufungidzira Mauto
Pakave paine nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro peTerracotta Warriors, asi chokwadi ndechekuti mavambo ezviuru zvisere zviuru zvakasarudzika zvine zita: Qin shi huang (260 BC - 210 BC), iyo inofungidzirwa saMambo Wokutanga weChina. Huang akabudirira kubatanidza nyika yese muna 221 BC, achizivisa yakasarudzika mari, zvechiuto uye zvehunyanzvi shanduko matinowana zviito zvakaita sekutanga mufananidzo iyo Great Wall yeChina, hurongwa nyowani hwekunyora, nzira dzakakura dzemigwagwa, kana kuhaya mauto emauto kuti vabudise zvido zvavo zvekuveza zvakanyanya.
Zvingave panguva yekuenda kuEast China, sekureva kwakawanda mukutsvaga zviwi zvekusafa, apo Huang aizoiswa chepfu - zvinofungidzirwa kuti nemekiyuri - uye akazovigwa mune inozivikanwa zvino Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, iri makiromita makumi matatu kumabvazuva kweguta reXi'an Zvinotendwa zvakare kuti, munguva yayo, iyo yakaoma pachayo yaive nedome rinosvika zana metres rakagadzirwa kuitira kuti Emperor wekutanga arambe achitonga kubva ku «Beyond».
Nekufamba kwenguva, anosvika zviuru zvisere zvematropacotta akawedzeredzwa akapararira pamusoro pemakomba matatu akasiyana akapatsanurwa nezvidhinha padhuze neiyo mausoleum. Hunhu hwakashanda kurekodha hunyanzvi pesimba yenguva yakaratidzirwa nekubudirira kukuru mukuvezwa uye nhoroondo, nekuti kunyangwe nguva, varwi vanoramba vachiratidzira kwemavara mazhinji, mataurirwo uye zvinoreva.
Nekufamba kwenguva, ma moats akateyiwa nenyika pachezvayo, achiburitsa mazana engano dzakatenderedzwa neshoko remuromo nevarimi venzvimbo iyi. Muchokwadi, zvinonzi vazhinji vavo, kana vachichera matsime kana kushanda ivhu, vakawana zvidimbu zvevarwi ava vavakatora sevanhu vakatukwa, sechirambidzo. Nekudaro, angave ari murimi, Yang Zhifa, uyo muna 1974 airidza mhere paakawana mukana wekuwana uyu kumakuva paakaedza kuchera tsime nemhuri yake uye nemumwe wevavakidzani vake.
Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, vanochera matongo kubva kumativi ese epasi vakauya kuzobvarura iri rakarara uto uye kuti rizivikanwe nenyika.
Terracotta Varwi: izvo zvakavharwa nematope
Muna 1979, gomba, mazana maviri emamita kureba ne200 yakafara, yakavhurwa kuruzhinji, ichisarudzwa Unesco nhaka muna 1987. Pakutanga manhamba mazana manomwe nemazana mashanu akafukunurwa, kunyange hazvo mukati memakore akatevera zvinhu zvitsva zvakatanga kuwanikwa senge ngoro dzendarira, zvivezwa zvemasoja madiki uye zvisaririra zvezvombo.
Kunyangwe paine nyanzvi dzakawanda vanotenda kuti kujekeswa kwezviverengero izvi kunogona kuve nemavambo ekumadokero Mushure mekufungidzirwa kusvika kwevaGiriki kunzvimbo ino makore gumi nemashanu pamberi pesimba rehumambo hweQin, parizvino zvichiri kutariswa kuti, kunyangwe hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwaitonga muChina panguva iyoyo, kuvapo kwehukuru hwehupenyu manhamba (angangoita 1500, vangadai vakave iwo pfungwa yaMambo wekutanga mukuyedza kwake kudzoreredza chifananidzo cheChinese chenguva iyoyo.
Varwi veTerracotta vanotamba hunhu hwavo, kunyangwe vachitonga nemacheche avo vangadai vari yakagadzirwa zvichibva pamazana gumi akasiyana ekumabvazuva. Kunyangwe nhasi vachitaridzika kunge vadzima uye zvinonetsa kukoshesa matoni avo nekuda kwevhu, kutsvagisa kwakasimbisa kuti vakapendwa nemavara matsvuku neepingi (kutevedzera ruvara rweganda), kuwedzera kubhuruu negoridhe. Nhumbi dzavo dzokurwa dzakagamuchirwawo neteracotta, yakatsigirwa pamatairi akavanzika ayo akasimbisa maficha eiyo yega manhamba.
Nhasi mugero weTerracotta Warriors unogona kushanyirwa kumabvazuva kweXi'An, yakashandurwa ikaita zvakare yekushanya yekuratidzira iyo inogona kuwanikwa kubva kuguta reXi'An pachayo. Mabhazi akasiyana anosiya kubva kuchiteshi chechitima uye anobhadharisa mutengo we7 yuan (0.88 euros), sezvazviri nebhazi 306 (mamwe ese emabhazi anowanzo bhadharisa anodhura, asi iwe unogona kugara uchibiridzira).
Paunenge iwe wasvika muguta reXi'An, iwe unayo sarudzo yekushanyira iyo kuburikidza neayo akajairika evashanyi ekushanya anopiwa nemahofisi evashanyi kana emahotera pachawo. Kupatsanura mafambiro uchifamba wega, uchigovanisa nguva pakati peQin Shi Huang mausoleum, iyo Terracotta Warriors kana zvakare inozivikanwa Huang Baths ndiyo imwe sarudzo.
Mutengo wekupinda wekushanyira iwo zviuru zvisere manhamba ndeye 8 yuan (13 euros) uye bhokisi hofisi rinovhura kusvika 17:00 pm muzhizha uye kubva 08:30 am kusvika 16:30 pm munguva yechando.
Mukana wakanaka wekushanyira nhaka hurusa yamambo ane guva richakavharwa, rine zvimwe zvakavanzika zvekuti, kana zvikazivikanwa, zvinogona kupiswa nemhepo yazvino pachayo sekutaura kwenyanzvi.
Ungada here kushanyira yakakurumbira Terracotta Warriors?