Chivezi cheChinese, zvigadzirwa uye maitiro ekugadzira

Isu tese takanzwa nezvechinyakare chiChinese tsika, uye zvingave zvisina musoro muchinyorwa chimwe chete kutenderera zviuru zvemakore, asi hongu Ini ndoda kukuudza nezve chiChinese chivezwa, itsika uye kukosha kwayo muAsia art, Uye mune dzimwe nyika.

Kubva kwakatangira nhoroondo yeChina, uye neyese budiriro, zvakagadzirwa zvinhu zvebronze, jade uye pfupa, izvo zvaive chikamu chetsika dzechi shamanistic. Mune mafomu aya endarira nejade inoratidzwa kekutanga imwe yemisimboti yakakosha yehunyanzvi hweChinese: kusangana kwayo pakati pesimba rehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye nehukama nehunhu hwechiremera kwavakatemerwa kubva pakubata kwavo.  

Hunhu hwechivezwa

Kumwe kwekusiyana pakati pezvivezwa zveChinese neWestern ndezvekuti muvezi weChinese anotarisisa zvakanyanya kune iyo nzvimbo, iyo iriko. Mune chimiro chemunhu anonyatso chenjera muhurukuro ye siluetti, iwo maratidziro akagadziridzwa, uye maziso, kubva maari mweya wemukati, anonyanya kufarirwa. Chimwe chehunhu hwayo kusimbisa kwembatya dzevanhu.

Kana paine chimwe chinhu chinoratidza chivezwa cheChinese, irwo ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, kupfuura maartist ivo vanoonekwa sevashandi, nekuda kweichi chikonzero havana kutaurwa mumabhuku mazhinji uye zvinyorwa zvekare zvinotaura nezvehunyanzvi hweChinese. Icho chinhu chisingazivikanwe hunyanzvi, kugadzirwa kwemasangano emusangano.

Ivory, huni nemishenjere zvakavezwa

Kuvezwa kwenyanga dzenzou ndechimwe chehunyanzvi hwekare, masampula akawanikwa mumakuva akanangana neDynasty shang (Zana ramakore rechi XNUMX neXNUMX ac). Izvi zvidimbu zvine dhizaini yakasarudzika uye kuuraya zvekuti ivo vanotaura nezve yapfuura budiriro iyo inogona kutiendesa kunguva yepamberi. Munguva yeTang (618-907 AD) uye muRwiyo Rwedzinza (960-1279 AD) kuvezwa kwemanyanga nenyanga kwakave kwakakwidziridzwa mune zvehunyanzvi uye zvehunyanzvi mazwi. Iri muzana ramakore rechi1644, Qing dzinza (1911-XNUMX AD), iyo indasitiri yekuMadokero yakaunzwa zvishoma nezvishoma muChina.

Kuveza kwehuni kune nhoroondo refu muChina. Zvinangwa zvaro zvakavakirwa mungano uye zvakakurumbira zvitendero nezve rombo rakanaka, kubudirira, kuwirirana, kurarama kwenguva refu ...

Makore anodarika 2000 apfuura maChinese akatovezwa mumushenjereAsi zvinobva kuimba yeMing (1368-1644 AD) kuti zvakavezwa zveichi chinhu zvakava hunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri hunyanzvi uye vazhinji uye vazhinji maartist vakazvitsaurira. Izvo zvinoda kuziva, nekuti mune izvi hunyanzvi zvikoro zvakakosha uye zvakavezwa zvinozivikanwa

Dingindira rezvivezwa zveChinese

Zvizhinji zvezvivezwa zveChinese zvine hukama nechitendero uye magamba, ese echokwadi uye enhema. Kubudikidza nekuvezwa kwematombo uye dhizaini yemapuranga, nzanga yakazviratidza senzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo.

Icho chivezwa cheibwe chakatanga seyakashongedzwa uye inomiririra kushongedzwa kwenzira dzemariro e makuva emambo muhumambo hwaHan, Tang uye kunyanya makuva eMing. Mavari tinowana mhuka huru chaidzo nedzengano, uye mumiririri wevadzidzi, vechiuto, vekunze vemagariro, nezvimwe.

Chivezwa chaive chakabatana zvakanyanya nekupararira kwechiBuddha. Iyo Yungang, Longmen uye Dunhuang Grottoes vanoratidzira iro ibwe, zvidhinha uye stucco basa rakaumba boka revaBhudha. Muzvikamu izvi, simba rekunze uye shanduko yaro kana kuchinjika kunonaka kweChinese uye aesthetics zvinogona kukosheswa, seimwe yemipiro mikuru yekuchinjana kwakagadzirwa paSilika Road. Munyika yese unogona kuona zvivezwa zvakawanda zveBuddha, zvine simba kubva kuTibet neIndia, iwo maBuddha ane maficha akanaka, kure uye kusinganzwisisike. Kubva muzana ramakore rechinomwe nerechisere, zvivezwa zvevaBhudha zvakatanga kuoneka nekutaura kukuru, mufaro uye chokwadi, nemitsara yakawanda yakakombama uye zvinyoro nyoro

Porcelain

Ini ndoda kutaura nezve porcelain, sechikamu chechiumbwa cheChinese, nekuda kweiyo pfungwa iyo yandakakuudza pakutanga nezve kutonga pamusoro pekuti "mavezi emhizha" ane pamusoro pezvinhu. Porcelain ndeye ceramic zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nenzira yechinyakare kana yeindasitiri, yechinyakare chena, compact, inflexible, hard, translucent, waterproof, resonant, low elasticity and highly resistant to chemical attack and thermal shock, iyi ingangoita tsanangudzo yesainzi zvakanyanya.

Yakatangira kuChina, pasi pezita tzu, pamwe panguva yeimba yaHan (206 BC kusvika 220 AD) kunyangwe zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvakanyorwa zvichibva panguva yehushe Tang (618 AD kusvika 907 AD). uye ndiye mufambi Marco Polo uyo akaisuma kuEurope, uko kwemazana emakore vakaedza kuikopa.

Iwo Terracotta Varwi veXi'an

Pasina kupokana, pavanofunga nezvezvivezwa zveChinese, mauto eXian anouya mundangariro. Aya mauto iboka rinopfuura mazana masere nemazana manhamba evarwi vematracotta nemabhiza, ayo ari chikamu cheuto rekudenga remausoleum e Chokwadi shi Huang, gore 210-209 ac, China yakatanga kuzvizivisa mambo.

Iwo manhamba Iwo akakura-saizi: anoyera 1,80 metres kumusoro uye akashongedzerwa nezvombo zvakagadzirwa zvakare neterracotta uye panguva iyo vaive nezvombo chaiko.. Kusarudzika kwavo ndekwekuti yega yega ine akasiyana maficha uye hunhu. Kunewo vakadzi. Mifananidzo yacho yakajeka uye yakajeka, asi mushure memaawa mashanu ekuburitswa kwemhepo iyo pendi inorasika nekuda kweiyo oxidation. Nhasi vachiri kutsvaga nzira inobvumidza kuchengetedza aya mavara, asi zvinozivikanwa kuti hazvina kuzadzikiswa.