Mazana e prehispanic tsika uye mazhinji emarudzi epakutanga akasimuka munzvimbo huru yekondinendi yeAmerica. Ikoko kunoratidzika kuve nekubvumirana kwekuti tsika dzakatarwa dzakakwira pre-Columbian dzakasimuka muMesoamerica neAndes, ndivo Anasazi, Mexica, Tolteca, Teotihuacana, Zapoteca, Olmeca, Maya, Muisca, Cañaris, Moche, Nazca, Chimú, Inca uye Tiahuanaco pakati pevamwe..
Vose zvavo dzaive nzanga dzine masisitimu akaomarara ezvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro uye kwavari takasiiwa nemafaira etsika dzehunyanzvi uye zvavanotenda. Mudunhu rose renyika, kufambira mberi kwenzvimbo nemagariro kwainge kwakakosha uye kwakakosha zvinhu senge manejimendi manejimendi kana yekutanga bumbiro remitemo yenyika yakasununguka. Ehe, sezvaunenge uchiverenga, democracy yaivepo kupfuura Atene.
Zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa kana zvetsika zvinhu zvakagadzirwawo kune rimwe divi rehemisphere neAtlantic ndiwo makarenda, masisitimu ekuvandudza magene yechibage nembatatisi, zvivakwa zvekudzivirira kuseism, masisitimu ekudiridzira, kunyora, simbi yepamusoro uye kugadzirwa kwemachira. Pre-Columbian mabudiriro aizivawo vhiri, asi zvaisabatsira zvakanyanya, nekuda kwekunyorwa kwenyika nenzvimbo dzavaigara, asi yaishandiswa kugadzira matoyi.
Muzhinji ivo vaive nedanho repamusoro rekusimudzira mukuvakwa kwetembere nezvivakwa zvechitendero, vari mienzaniso yakajeka nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzezvinocherwa mumatongo dzeCaral, Chavín, Moche, Pachacámac, Tiahuanaco, Cuzco, Machu Picchu neNazca, muCentral Andes; uye Teotihuacan, Templo Meya, Tajín, Palenque, Tulum, Tikal, Chichén-Itzá, Monte Albán, muMesoamerica.
Uye mushure memanyora akajairika ini ndinoenda kune zvakadzama chimwe chinhu zvimwe nezve zvimwe zve inonyanya kukosha prehispanic tsika.
America pamberi peveEuropean, pre-Hispanic tsika
Kana tichifunga nezve pre-Columbian kana pre-Hispanic America, mazwi maviri atinoshandisa kushandisa zvakafanana, asi zvakadaro ane mavara avo, tinowanzoenda kuInca Humambo, maMaya nemaAztec, zvisinei kumashure (kana pamberi, zvichienderana pakutarisa) kwetsika dzakakosha idzi kune zvimwe zvakawanda.
Sezvaunogona kufungidzira Iyo pre-colonization nguva yeAmerica inotangira pakusvika kwevanhu vekutanga, kubva kuAsia kuburikidza neBering neNeolithic Revolution, kusvika pakusvika kwaColumbus muna 1492. Uye zvakare mukufunga kwedu pamwe chete tinofunga nezveCentral neSouth America, muchokwadi zviri zvakare nekuti nzanga nevanhu veNorth America vaive nemamota.
Prehispanic tsika dzeColombia
Asati maSpanish asvika, iyo nharaunda yazvino Colombiya, yaive yakagarwa nekusiyana kukuru kwevanhu vemo, uye kunyangwe ivo vasingazivikanwe sevaya vaigara kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSouth America kana Central America, vaive nekusimudzira kwakakosha. kune hunyanzvi uye tsika tsika.
Zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zvakaitwa nevakawanda vezvakaitika kare pamusoro pemakore, zvakagadziriswa kuti nharaunda nhatu dzakakura dzemitauro dzakagara muColombia, maChibacha, Caribe neArawak, kwaigara madzinza mazhinji ane mitauro nemitauro yakasiyana.
Mhuri yemutauro wechiChibcha
Yakatora nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeEastern Cordillera, sagot Bogotá uye materu enedzimwe nzizi dzeEastern Plains, madzinza anotevera aive emhuri iyi: Arhuacos neTaironas (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta), Muiscas (Central Andean Region), Tunebos (Casanare), Andaquíes (Caquetá), Pastos uye Quillacingas (nharaunda yekumaodzanyemba), Guambianos uye Paeces (Cauca).
La Mhuri yemutauro weCaribbean
Izvo zvakabva kuchamhembe kweBrazil, vakapfuura nharaunda yeVenzuelan, maAntilles, uye kubva ipapo, vakasvika kumahombekombe eAtlantic, kubva kwavakatamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Marudzi anotevera aive emhuri iyi: Turbacos, Calamares uye Sinúes (Atlantic Coast), Quimbayas (Central Mountain Range), Pijaos (Tolima, Antiguo Caldas), Muzos uye Panches (Nyika dzeSantander, Boyacá neCundinamarca), Calimas (Valle del Cauca), Motilones (Norte de Santander), Chocoes (Pacific Coast).
Mhuri yeArawak Mhuri
Vakapinda muColombia kuburikidza neRwizi rweOrinoco uye vaive munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemunda. Aya anotevera madzinza aive emhuri iyi: Guahíbos (Llanos Orientales), Wayus kana Guajiros (Guajira), Piapocos (Bajo Guaviare), Ticunas (Amazonas).
Prehispanic tsika dzeMexico
Pakukwirira kwayo, humambo hweMayan hunosanganisira ese eMeso America. Vakagara mumasango eGuatemala, chikamu cheYucatan, kuMexico, kumadokero kweHonduras neEl Salvador. Inguva iri pakati pemakore 300 ne 900 enguva yedu yaanozivikanwa seClassic Period, uye pakarepo, chimwe chezvakavanzika zvikuru, pakukwirira kwazvo, dzakakoromoka ndokunyangarika, dzidziso dzekupedzisira mune izvi dzinotaura nezve kusvibiswa. yemvura sechinhu chakakonzera kunyura kwezuva.
Makore mazana maviri gare gare muChichen Itza vakaonekwazve, asi ivo vaive vatove nzanga yakanyanya kusimba. VaMayan vaive masters makuru esainzi nehunyanzvi, vane hunyanzvi hwekuruka hwakagadzirwa kubva kukotoni uye agave fiber.
Dhizaini yaro inoonekwa seyakanyanya kunaka munyika nyowani, ine zvishongedzo mune zvekuzorora, pendi uye openwork. Izvi zvakafanana nezvakanyorwa zvinopfuura zvimwe zvese zvinyorwa zveAmerica. Pakati pemaguta mazhinji eMesoamerica akavamba akakosha uye ane matongo achiripo Tikal mumasango eGuatemala neChichén Itzá muYucatán kuMexico.
Imwe tsika yakakura yatinozivisa nayo nyika yeCentral America iri vanhu veAztec vaitonga nzvimbo yepakati neyemaodzanyemba yeMexico yanhasi pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nerechiXNUMX. Ivo vanhu avo, kuburikidza nemubatanidzwa wemauto nemamwe mapoka uye vanhu, vakasangana nekukurumidza kukurumidza. Mushure mekufa kwaMoctezuma II muna 1520, kushaya simba kwehumambo hukuru kwakaziviswa, kwakatorwa mukuwedzera kukurumidza, izvo zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kune veSpanish, vaitungamirwa naHernán Cortés, kukunda humambo hukuru uhu. Izvo zviitiko zvehupfumi zveiyi budiriro zvaive zvekurima nekutengeserana.
Prehispanic tsika dzePeru
Kumuka kwevaInca kwakadzokera kumashure kuzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kumagumo, apo dzinza diki rakagara mumupata weCuzco, Peru, uye vakatanga guta ravo. Kubva ipapo vanokunda mamwe madzinza akasara kusvika vaita humambo hwakakura hune tsika, ngano uye maonero epasi zvichiri mune vamwe vanhu vekondinendi. Chimwe chezvinhu chinokwezva kutariswa kwe Humambo uhwu ndohwekuti hwakaumbwa mumakore makumi mashanu. Mutauro waro wepamutemo wainzi Quechua. Uye zviitiko zvavo zvehupfumi zvaive zvekurima, kuvhima uye hove, zvekutengeserana, uye kuchera.
Ndisati ndapedzisa, ndinoda kukuyeuchidzai kuti kunyangwe maIncas, maMaya nemaAztec anga ari iwo mabudiro aive nezvakanyanya kukosha uye nekukosha, vaive vasina kurarama panguva yavo mukukura kwavo, uye havazi ivo vega.
iyi iri pakati nepakati yakajairwa
ZVAKANAKA ZVAKANDIPONESA NYAYA YESOKA
uiiop`p` + `` + poliyuhu6yu6ytrftr
Ndakatenderera zvishoma asi ndatenda
Ndinovimba izvi zvinotenderera kune vamwe
ndatenda usarasikirwe nehukama
uye teedzera zvese
oh zvisingaite zvakanaka zvekuti zvakaita kuti ndide kuridza mhere hahahahahaha
Izvo zvakanaka kwazvo, izvi ndizvo zvese prehistory yeColombia
Ini ndaida tsika
usanyora chinhu chisiri chaicho vasikana vanobva kuArgentina neBolivia kwete vekuColombia
Zvakanaka izvi hazvina kunaka asi kunyangwe zvakadaro mudzidzisi akandiwanira akanaka munharaunda =)
Ndedzipi tsika dzese dze pre-Puerto Rico America inonzi
zvakanaka chaizvo ndiponesei izvo zvekumiswa