Chitendero muEngland

Kubva muzana ramakore regumi nenhanhatu, chinamato chakanyanyo shandiswa muEngland chakanakidzwa nenzvimbo yepamutemo munyika iri Anglicanism, bazi rechiKristu.. Nekudaro, iyo shanduko yezvakaitika zviitiko nezvinoitika senge kutama kwakonzera zvitendero zvakasiyana kuti zvigare mukati memiganhu yayo. Mutsamba inotevera tinotarisa kuti ndeapi anonamatwa zvakanyanya muEngland uye zvimwe zvido zvavo.

Anglicanism

Chitendero chepamutemo cheEngland chiAnglican, icho chinoitwa ne21% yevagari. Chechi yeEngland yakaramba yakabatana neChechi yeKaturike kusvikira muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Izvi zvinomuka nechirevo chaMambo Henry VIII mushure mekuita kwesimba muna 1534 kwaanozviti ndiye musoro mukuru weChechi mukati mehumambo hwake uye kwaanoraira vanhu vake kuti vaparadzane nekuteerera kwechitendero kunaPope waClement VII, uyo akapokana nenyaya yekuti mambo akarambana naMambokadzi Catherine weAragon kuroora mudiwa wake Ana Bolena.

Mutemo weTreason wegore rimwe chetero wakasimbisa kuti avo vakaramba chiito ichi uye vakatorera mambo chiremerera chake semukuru weChechi yeEngland kana kuti akataura kuti munyengeri kana kupesana vaizopomerwa mhosva yekupandukira mutongo werufu. . Muna 1554 Mambokadzi Mary I wekuEngland, aive muKaturike akazvipira, akabvisa chiito ichi asi hanzvadzi yake Elizabeth I akaidzorera parufu rwake.

Saka zvakatanga nguva yekusashivirira kwechitendero pamusoro pevaKaturike nekuzivisa mhiko kuMutemo weSimba reMasimba kuti ive mvumo kune vese avo vaizobata zvinzvimbo zveruzhinji kana zvechechi muhumambo. Mumakore makumi maviri ekupedzisira ehurumende yaElizabeth I, maCatholic pavakabviswa simba ravo nehupfumi hwavo, kwakave nekufa kwakawanda kwevaKaturike vakarairwa namambokadzi uyo akaita kuti vafire kutenda kweChechi yeKaturike senge Jesuit Edmundo Campion. Akaitwa mutsvene naPapa Paul VI muna 1970 semumwe wevane makumi mana vakafira kuEngland neWales.

Dzidziso yeAnglican

Mambo Henry VIII aipokana nePurotesitendi uye nechitendero cheKaturike. Muchokwadi, akaziviswa "Defender of the Faith" nekuda kwekuramba kwake chiLutheranism. Nekudaro, kuti ave nechokwadi chekudzikiswa kwemuchato wake akafunga kuputsa neChechi yeKaturike uye kuve mukuru mukuru weChechi yeEngland.

Padanho redzidziso, yekutanga Anglican yakanga isina kunyatsosiyana neKatorike. Nekudaro, huwandu huri kuwedzera hwevatungamiriri veichi chitendero chitsva vakaratidza tsitsi dzavo kuvaPurotesitendi Vanochinja, kunyanya Calvin uye zvichidaro Chechi yeEngland zvishoma nezvishoma yakazoenda kumusanganiswa pakati petsika yeKaturike nePurotesitendi Shanduko. Nenzira iyi, Anglicanism inoonekwa sechitendero chinobvumidza dzidziso dzakasiyana siyana mukuwedzera kuzvinhu zvakakosha zvechiKristu.

Katurike

Navo vangori pasi pe20% yevagari, Katurike ndiyo yechipiri chitendero chinoitwa neChirungu. Mumakore achangopfuura dzidziso iyi iri kuona kuberekwazve muEngland uye mazuva ese kune zvakawanda munyika. Zvikonzero zvacho zvakasiyana, kunyangwe vaviri vane huremu hwakakura: kune rumwe rutivi, kuderera kweChechi yeEngland sevamwe vevatendi vayo vakatendeukira kuchiKaturike nekuda kwekufanana mukutenda kana kungobvuma kusatenda kuti kuna Mwari. Kune rimwe divi, vazhinji veCatholic vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vasvika muEngland vanonyatsoita zvavanotenda, nekudaro vachifema mweya mutsva munharaunda yeKaturike.

Izvo zvakabatsira zvakare kumutsidzira chiKatorike muEngland kuti vanhu vevanhu munzvimbo dzakakodzera vakazvizivisa pachena maKatorike munyika umo kusvika nguva pfupi yapfuura ava vakatendeka vaigara mukurasa uye vakaparadzaniswa nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nemauto. Muenzaniso wevakakurumbira veKaturike muEngland igurukota revashandi Iain Duncan Smith, director weBBC, Mark Thompson kana aimbova Mutungamiriri wenyika, Tony Blair.

ChiIslram

Chitendero chechitatu chinonyanya kuitiswa nevanhu muEngland chiIslam, chine 11% yevagari vayo uye ndiko kutenda kwakakura zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore apfuura maererano neHofisi yeNational Statistics. Iri mune iro guta guru, London, uko huwandu hukuru hwevaMuslim hwakaunganidzwa zvichiteverwa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakaita seBirmingham, Bradford, Manchester kana Leicester.

Chitendero ichi chakazvarwa muna 622 AD nekuparidzirwa kweMuporofita Muhammad muMecca (yanhasi Saudi Arabia). Pasi pehutungamiriri hwake nehwevateveri vake, Islam yakapararira nekukurumidza pasirese uye nhasi ndechimwe chezvitendero zvine huwandu hukuru hwevakatendeka paPasi nevanhu 1.900 bhiriyoni. Uyezve, maMuslim ndivo vazhinji vevagari munyika makumi mashanu.

Islam chinamato chaMwari mumwechete chakavakirwa paKorani, ine chirevo chakakosha kuvatendi ndechekuti "Hakuna mwari asi Allah uye Muhammad ndiye muporofita wake."

ChiHindu

Chitendero chinotevera chine huwandu hukuru hwevakatendeka chiHindu. Sezvakaita chiIslam, vatambi vechiHindu vakauya kuzoshanda kuEngland vakauya netsika uye nekutenda kwavo. Vazhinji vavo vakatamira kunoshanda kuUnited Kingdom mushure mekuwana kuzvitonga kweIndia muna 1947 uye nehondo yevagari vemo muSri Lanka iyo yakatanga muma80.

Nharaunda yechiHindu ine huwandu hwakakura muEngland, zvekuti muna 1995 tembere yekutanga yechiHindu yakavakwa, kuchamhembe kweguta guru reChirungu muNeasden, kuitira kuti vakatendeka vanamate. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munyika mune maHindu mazana miriyoni mazana masere, chiri chimwe chezvitendero chakatendeka pasi rose.

Dzidziso yechiHindu

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvitendero, chiHindu hachina muvambi. Haisi uzivi kana chinamato chakafanana asi seti yezvitendero, tsika, tsika, zvitendero nemitemo yetsika zvinoumba tsika yakajairika, umo musina sangano repakati kana dzidziso dzakatsanangurwa.

Kunyange hazvo vanamwari vechiHindu vane vamwari vazhinji uye vanamwari, vazhinji vevakatendeka vakazvipira mukuratidzwa katatu kwemwari mukuru anozivikanwa saTrimurti, hutatu hwechiHindu: Brahma, Visnu naSiva, musiki, muchengeti uye muparadzi zvakateerana. Mwari wega wega ane maavatat akasiyana, anova kuberekwazve kwamwari paPasi.

Buddhism

Zvakajairikawo kuwana vateveri vechiBuddha muEngland, kunyanya vanobva kunyika dzeAsia vane nhoroondo yakafanana neEngland semhedzisiro yehumambo hweChirungu hwakagadzwa mukondinendi iyoyo kusvika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Kune rimwe divi, kwave kuvewo nenhamba yepamusoro yekutendeuka kune chinamato ichi kubva kune zvimwe zvitendero.

Buddhism ndechimwe chezvitendero zvikuru zvepasi zvinoenderana nenhamba yevateveri. Inopa dzakasiyana siyana zvikoro, dzidziso uye maitiro ari pasi penzvimbo uye enhoroondo maitiro akaiswa muBuddhism kubva kuchamhembe, kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva.

Dzidziso yechiBhudha

Buddhism yakabuda muzana ramakore rechishanu BC kubva kudzidziso dzakapihwa naSiddhartha Gautama, muvambi wayo, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIndia. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, yakatanga kuwedzera nekukurumidza muAsia.

Dzidziso dzaBuddha dzakapfupikiswa mu "Chokwadi Chine Chakanaka" ichiva dzidziso yayo yepakati mutemo weKarma. Uyu mutemo unotsanangura kuti zviito zvevanhu, zvingave zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, zvine mhedzisiro muhupenyu hwedu uye mune inotevera muviri. Saizvozvowo, chiBuddha chinoramba hunhu nekuti vanhu vakasununguka kuumba ramangwana ravo zvichienderana nezviito zvavo, kunyangwe ivo vachigona kugara mimwe mibairo yezvavakasangana nazvo muhupenyu hwekare.

Judaism

ChiJudha chiripowo muEngland uye ndechimwe chekare zvitendero pasi rose, chekutanga chiri chemunhu mumwe, nekuti chinosimbisa kuvapo kwaMwari wemasimbaose uye anoziva zvese. ChiKristu chinobva muchiJuda nekuti Testamente Yekare ndicho chikamu chekutanga cheBhaibheri rechiKristu uye Jesu, mwanakomana waMwari wevaKristu, aive ekutanga kwechiJuda.

Dzidziso yechiJuda

Izvo zvirimo zvedzidziso yazvo zvinoumbwa neTora, ndokuti, mutemo waMwari wakaratidzwa kuburikidza nemirairo yaakapa kuna Mosesi paSinai. Kuburikidza nemirairo iyi, vanhu vanofanirwa kutonga hupenyu hwavo uye kuzviisa pasi pekuda kwaMwari.