Dzidzo yeAtenean yevana

Nguva dzese patinotarisa pa Yakajeka Greece isu zvinonzwisisika tinowana kuenzanisa uye kupokana pakati Atene neSparta. Izvi ndozvazvakaitawo mune dzidzo: Dzidzo yeAtene ne la dzidzo yepartan.

Paive nekusiyana kukuru pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzemaguta. Iyo Sparta iyo dzidzo yevechidiki, inonzi Agoge, akamhanya anotarisira nyika. Icho chete chinangwa cheichi chaive chekudzidzisa vana semauto emangwana. MuAtene, zvakadaro, dzidzo yaive yakavanzika uye aive nechiono chepasirese, kunyangwe paigona kuve nemisiyano maererano nemudzidzisi wega wega. Pfungwa yakajairika mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu yaive yekuti vana varime vese muviri wavo uye njere. Mundima dzinotevera isu tinotsanangura kuti nei nzira iyi.

Chekutanga pane zvese zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti vana chete ndivo vaive nekwaniso yekuwana iyi dzidzo. Vasikana vacho vakadzoserwa kumba, kwavakadzidziswa nevakadzi mune gynoecium. Chinangwa chaive chekuti ava vechidiki veAtene vave vanamai vakanaka uye vanamai vemba muhupenyu hwevakuru. Kunze kwekusiyana kudiki, izvi zvaiwanzoitika mumaguta ese eGreek.

Paideia

Iyo yekudzidzisa sisitimu yeAtene yechinyakare yaizivikanwa se payeia. Kazhinji kutaura, chinangwa chedzidzo iyi chaive chekugonesa vana vechirume kuti vawane hunhu hwepamusoro. Padanho repamusoro, chinangwa chaive chekupa nzanga nevarume vakagadzirira kuti vatore mitoro yezvematongerwo enyika neyemauto izvo zvavanofanira kusangana nazvo sevagari vemo mukukura.

Mweya wePaideia wainge wakavakirwa pambiru ina o kalakogathia:

• Runako rwemuviri kuburikidza nekutarisira wega uye kurovedza muviri.
• Hunhu hwehunhu, kusiyanisa zvakanaka nezvakaipa.
• Huchenjeri, hunowanikwa kuburikidza neruzivo.
• Ushingi, hunhu hwakakosha kushandisa matatu apfuura zvakanaka.

Kusvikira zera ramakore manomwe, vakomana nevasikana vakagovana dzidziso dzekutanga, dzakateedzana tsika uye mhando dzekuzvibata idzo nanannya nevaranda vaitarisira kuchengetwa kwavo vakapfuudza kune vadiki kuburikidza netsika yemuromo: ngano, nhetembo, Homeric, nyaya yemagamba, nezvimwe. Mhuri dzakapfuma dzaive nemuranda ane tsika anonzi mudzidzisi, iyo yaimbove iri pamusoro peaya mabasa.

Matanho edzidzo yeAtene

La rusarura yaigadzirwa yasvika zera ramakore manomwe. Ipapo vakomana vakatanga basa ravo rekudzidzira muchikoro cheveruzhinji kana didascaleo. Ikoko, iyo grammatists Yakavadzidzisa kuverenga nekunyora, pamusoro pekumusvitsa iye kumifungo yekutanga yemasvomhu. Vadzidzi vakagara pamabhenji uye vakashandisa mabhodhi emakisi nemapepyri kuita homuweki yavo. Kuranga kwepanyama kwaiwanzoonekwa uye kwakatarwa zvakanaka. Kudzidziswa kwemimhanzi, kuripo mumatanho ese, yaive imwe yezvakakosha zvidzidzo. Mudzidzisi aiona nezvenyaya iyi aizivikanwa se kitharist.

Kubva pamakore gumi nemaviri, vana vaitangwa mumitambo: mutsimba, kusvetuka, kumhanya, kukanda, kushambira ... Vana vakapedza maawa mazhinji vari nhaurirano, asi vaidzidzirawo kurovedza muviri kwakazara, vachigara vasina kusimira zvachose uye vachitariswa ne kubhadhara. Kukosha kwemitambo kwaive zvekuti nekufamba kwenguva zvikoro zvehunyanzvi zvakazozivikanwa se gyms.

Pavakasvika zera remakore gumi nemasere, vechidiki vakave ephebos. Iyo ephebha yakapedza makore maviri uye yakanga iri nhano yakakosha zvikurusa mukuumbwa kwamajaya eAtene. Munguva iyi vakadzidziswa hunyanzvi hwehondo (kudzidziswa zvemauto) uye vakadzidziswa kuve vagari vane hunyanzvi, vatauri vakanaka uye mamaneja eruzhinji anoshanda

Vechidiki vanobva kumhuri dzakapfuma vakawedzera dzidzo yavo kupfuura zera ramakumi maviri neshanu pamaoko evazivi vepamusoro nevadzidzisi. Nyaya inozivikanwa ndeyevadiki Alexander Mukuru, uyo dzidzo muAthens yakaitwa neicho chaicho Aristotle.

Chinhu chinokakavadzana chedzidzo yeAtene (uye dzidzo yechiGiriki mune zvese) yaive tsika yekuti vakure hukama hwepedyo pakati pemudzidzisi mukuru uye mudzidzi wechidiki. Dzimwe nguva hukama uhwu hwaitora hunhu hwepabonde hwakajeka, hwaigamuchirwa munharaunda.

Sophists uye dzidzo yeAtene

Pamusoro pezvemitambo, hunyanzvi hwemauto nemumhanzi, mune dzidzo yevana veAtene nevechidiki paive nezvimwe zvidzidzo kana zvidzidzo zvainyanya kukosha mukuumbwa kwevagari venyika dzemapurisa. Izvi zvidzidzo zvakadzidziswa ne Sophists kuvadzidzi vakasarudza dzidzo yepamusoro mushure mechikamu che ephebia.

Ndivanaani vaiva vaSophist? Chaizvoizvo general dzidzo yepamusoro vadzidzisi. Dzidziso dzake dzaive dzakanangana nechinangwa chakati: kuumbwa kwevakadzidza uye vane ruzivo rwekutaura. Aya hunhu hwaive hwakakosha pakubudirira muhupenyu hwematongerwo enyika, uko sarudzo zhinji dzaitsamira pakukwanisa kwevatauri kugutsa vagari veimwe pfungwa kana imwe.

Ichi chinangwa chakazadzikiswa nekudzidzisa vadzidzi mune zvinotevera zvidzidzo:

• Dialectics, inozivikanwawo se "hunyanzvi hwekukurukurirana." Vadzidzisi vakadzidzisa vadzidzi vavo nekuvadzidzisa kuita hurukuro mbiri umo pfungwa imwe neakapesana zvaidzivirirwa.
• Matemata, nyaya yaisanganisira pakati pezvimwe zvinhu svomhu, geometry, kuwirirana uye nyeredzi.
• Rhetoric, "Hunyanzvi hwekutaura." Lees akarairwa mukugona kunyengetedza vateereri kuburikidza neshoko.