Polyphemus uye Odysseus

"Odyssey" idetembo rakanyorwa rakanyorwa naHomer iro rinorondedzera zviitiko zveOdysseus (anonzi zvakare Ulysses mutsika yechiLatin), mambo weIthaca, ari munzira kudzokera kumba mushure mekupedza Hondo yeTrojan, zviitiko zvine hukama mu "Iliad." Zvinotendwa kuti munyori akadhirowa zvese muzana ramakore rechisere BC uye nekufamba kwenguva vakave chikamu chetsika yekare yechiGiriki, vachidzokororwa kubva kuguta kuenda kuguta nema rhapsody.

Towards the XNUMXth century BC, gavhuna weAthens, anonzi Pisístraro, aida kuunganidza nhetembo dzaHomer uye dzakanyorwa pasi. Pakati peizvi, vhezheni yechinyakare inozivikanwa ye "The Odyssey" yakatanga kubva muzana ramakore rechipiri BC uye ndeya Aristarchus weSamothrace. Mune inotevera posvo tinotsvaga mune nharo ye «Iyo Odyssey», chimiro chayo, madingindira ayo uye kunyanya mu ngano yaPolyphemus naOdysseus.

Chii chinonzi "Odyssey" nezve?

Munziyo dzayo makumi maviri nemana, Homer anorondedzera kudzoka kuIthaca yegamba reGreek Odysseus uyo, mushure mekunge asipo pamba kwemakore gumi, anotora mamwe makore gumi kuti adzoke. Munguva iyoyo, mukadzi wake Penelope nemwanakomana wake Telemachus vanofanirwa kutakura mumuzinda wavo vapfuri vanoshuvira kumuroora, vachitenda kuti Odysseus afa uye panguva imwe chete vachishandisa midziyo yese yemhuri.

Chombo chakanakisa chaOdysseus kukurira zvipingamupinyi zvese zvaanosangana nazvo panguva yeanouya hunyengeri. Kutenda kwaari uye nerubatsiro rwemwarikadzi Pallas Athena, anokwanisa kutarisana nematambudziko anoramba aripo aanofanira kusangana nawo neevamwari dhizaini. Neiyi nzira, anoronga zvidobi zvakasiyana uye nekushinga kutaura kwaanoshandisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvake.

Sei «Iyo Odyssey» yakarongeka?

Iyi nhetembo nhetembo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: telemachy, kudzoka uye kutsiva kwaOdysseus. Iyo telemaquia inovhara kubva kune yekutanga kusvika kune yechina cant ye "The Odyssey", uko sarudzo yeTelémaco yekusiya achitsvaga baba vake inorondedzerwa. Kudzoka kwaOdysseus kunosanganisira yechishanu yegumi nemana canto uko zviitiko zveOdysseus parwendo rwake rwekudzokera kuIthaca zvinoudzwa, nepo chikamu chechitatu chinoreva kutsiva kwaOdsseus uye kusangana kwemhuri yake kubva pagumi nematatu kusvika makumi maviri nemana canto.

Ndeipi ngano yaPolyphemus naOdysseus?

Muchikamu chepfumbamwe chaHomer "The Odyssey," protagonist anorondedzera zviitiko zvaakave nazvo nevamwe vake mukati memakore matatu pavaigadzirira kudzokera kumba mushure mekurwa muTrojan War.

Mune rwiyo urwu Odysseus anotsanangura kuuya kwavakaita kuThrace, kwaive nemaCícones. Ikoko vanouraya vese vanogara muIsmaro kusara kwaMarón, mupirisita waApollo uyo akavapa gumi nembiri midziyo izere newaini sechiratidzo chekutenda. Mushure mekutambura nekurwiswa kwemaCcon, Odysseus akabva neboka revarume ndokusvika munyika yevanodya lotus. mushure medutu rakavatsausa kubva munzira kusvika vasvika kuchitsuwa cheCyclops.

Ikoko vanodzika uye Odysseus anotora imwe yemidziyo yewaini kuti aipe. Pavanosvika pabako reCyclops Polyphemus, shamwari dze protagonist dzinobvuma kutora zvese kubva ipapo, kunyangwe hazvo Odysseus anga asina kugutsikana. Panguva iyoyo, Polyphemus anoputika neboka rake uye paanozviziva anozvikiya uye anodya mamwe acho.

Kuti abvise rufu, Odysseus anofunga kushandisa waini yaakapihwa nemupristi Maron kuti amudhakise. Polyphemus akagamuchira mudziyo wake ndokubvunza zita rake, kuna Odysseus akapindura kuti yainzi "hapana murume kana hapana." Kana ma cyclops akarara akadhakwa, akaendesa danda remuorivhi muziso rake chete kuti amupofomadze uye apunyuke.

Pakarepo Polyphemus akaridza mhere nekurwadziwa kusvika mamwe maCloudes akamunzwa asi akatenda kuti Zeus akamuranga uye akapenga nekuti akavaudza kuti "Hapana" akamukuvadza. Kuti vatize Odysseus nevarume vake vakazvisunga kumatumbu emakwai. Sezvo Polyphemus aisaona, aisakwanisa kuona pavaive vakahwanda uye vakakwanisa kutiza.

Pavaive pagungwa, Odysseus akaseka Polyphemus: "Hakuna munhu akakuvadza iwe asi Odysseus." Ivo vaisaziva kuti ma cyclops aive mwanakomana wamwari wegungwa Poseidon uye kana Polyphemus akavatuka, dombo hombe rakawira padyo kwazvo nechikepe chavo. Akakumbirawo baba vake rubatsiro uye akakumbira kuti Odysseus asazombodzokera kuIthaca kana kuti kana akadaro, anofanirwa kudzoka ega kwete muchikepe chake. Uye saka zvakaitika, Poseidon akamukonzera matambudziko mazhinji pagungwa paakadzoka uye akamuchengetedza kure neIthaca kwenguva yakareba.

Ndivanaani vaive Polyphemus uye Odysseus?

• Odysseus: Odysseus ndiye protagonist wenhetembo "The Odyssey" kunyangwe ichionekera mu "Iyo Iliad" naHomer. Aive mumwe wemagamba anozivikanwa engano dzechiGiriki uye mu "The Odyssey" anomiririrwa samambo weIthaca, chimwe chezvitsuwa zveIonia zvazvino, chiri kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweGreek. Inozivikanwa nehungwaru uye nehunyanzvi. Muchokwadi, iye anorumbidzwa nepfungwa yekuvaka iyo Trojan Horse. Iye akaroora Penelope uye ndiye baba vaTelémaco.
• Polyphemus: Ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa neCyclops mungano dzechiGiriki. Mwanakomana waPoseidon uye iyo nymph Toosa, anowanzo kuve anoratidzwa segoridhe rine ndebvu nemazino akakura uye akanongedza nzeve dzesatan neziso rimwe pahuma yake.

Zvinorevei ngano yaPolyphemus naOdysseus?

Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti ngano yaPolyphemus naOdysseus inomiririra hondo yekunyengera kurwisa hutsinye uye kukunda kwechikonzero pamusoro pesimba.

Misoro yakavharwa ne "Iyo Odyssey"

• Rwendo: Chinyorwa chakajairika mumabhuku eWestern apo gamba rinotarisana nenjodzi dzakawanda kubva kwaanobuda akasimbiswa uye achikwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa chake.
• Unconditional rudo: Inoratidzwa mune nyaya yaOdysseus naPenelope, vanokunda zvipingamupinyi uye miedzo inoiswa neupenyu pavari uye vova pamwe chete zvakare.
• Mhuri: "The Odyssey" inotaura nezve kukosha kwehukama hwemhuri kupa chinangwa kune hwedu hupenyu.
• Kumba nenyika: Chido chaOdysseus ndechekudzokera kuIthaca, kwaakaberekerwa uye kunogara mhuri yake, uyo waasina kumboona kubvira paakasiya Hondo yeTrojan.
• Kutsiva: Iyi tema inoratidzwa mune nyaya yaPenelope. Odysseus anoona kuti pakuenda kwake kune vamwe vakwikwidzi vanoda kuroora mukadzi wake kuti vamutsivare nekutora zvivakwa zvavo, saka anotsiva kwavari nekuvauraya.
• Ukuru hwevamwari: Mune ese "The Odyssey" uye "Iyo Iliad," ramangwana revanhu riri mumaoko evamwari. Pallas Athena naPoseidon kana Zeus vanoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwevatambi.