Ran iyo XIX remakore uye kuNorth America imwe yeiyo mabhuku evana inonyanya kufarirwa yaive Hans Brinker kana masirivha esirivha, yakanyorwa na Mary MapesDodge. Wechokwadi anotengesa mabhuku kune vadiki.
Panguva iyoyo pakanga pasina mafirimu, pasina mitambo yemavhidhiyo, pasina terevhizheni. Paingova nemabhuku chete uye mariri mhando zhinji dzainanga kune vateereri vakasiyana. Nomuzvarirwo, izvi zvichiri izvo, asi mazuva ano kunyora kune kukwikwidza kukuru. Asi mazana maviri apfuura izvi novel yevana yaive yakakurumbira seyakaitika yaHarry Potter nhasi.
Munyori waHans Brinker
Iyi inova rakabudiswa muna 1865 neamerican Mary Mapes Dodge. Mary aive akazvarwa muna Ndira 1831, muNew York City. Aive mwanasikana wemukadzi wemba uye mudzidzisi, muvambi, uye kemisiti, saka akarererwa zvakanaka. Mudiki kwazvo, asi mukuenderana nenguva, akaroora gweta, William Dodge, aine makore makumi maviri nerimwe, achitora zita rake rekupedzisira sezvazvaive tsika.
Mumakore mana akatevera aive nevanakomana vaviri uye muna 1858 murume wake akamusiya kuoneka kunyura nguva yakati gare gare. A) Ehe, pazera remakore makumi maviri nemanomwe akafirwa nevana vaviri vekutsigira. Vabereki vake vakamubatsira uye gore rakatevera rake kusagadzikana kwekunyora kwakabereka michero apo nyora uye ubudise magazini maviri nedzimwe nyaya pfupi.
Rimwe zuva vakamukumbira kunyora runyorwa kwete nyaya pfupi, uye ndozvaakazvarwa Hans brinker. Zvinoita sekunge akafemerwa nhevedzano yenyaya dzakanyorwa naJohn L. Motley, Kuberekwa kweDutch Republic, kubva muna 1856, e Nhoroondo yeNetherlands.
Chokwadi ndechekuti Mary haana kumbobvira aenda kuNetherlands, asi akazoziva zvishoma nezvenyika uye akaita rumwe ruzivo rwemunda nekubvunzurudza vavakidzani vake vaive maDutch. Kunyangwe paunoverenga iyo nyaya hausvike pamazita mazhinji echiDutch, asi chiGerman.
Asi Mary aiita basa rake rechikoro zvakanaka, saka runyorwa rune ruzivo rwakanaka kwazvo nezvetsika iyi yaive isingazivikanwe kumeso eAmerica. Ndicho chikonzero nei yakanyatso kufarirwa chaizvo nekukurumidza uye yaitengesa zvakanyanya mugore rayo rekutanga rekuburitswa, chimwe chinhu icho chaive chango zadzisa pamberi Shamwari yedu yakawiriranwanaCharles Dickens. Kubva ipapo zvinogara zvichipinda nekubuda muchina wekudhinda uye mazuva ano unogona kuzvitsvagira verenga online.
Aripo mafirimu anoenderana? Hongu, zviripo kune akati wandei maitiro mune akasiyana mafomati. Sezvinei, muna 1958 a mumhanzi mhenyu tv, muna 1962 a Disney TV bhaisikopo iyo yakaratidzirwa muzvikamu zviviri; muna 1969 NBC yakaita imwe mimhanzi, muna 1998 Disney Channel yakagadzira yakanaka yakasarudzika yeiyo yekutanga firimu vhezheni, iyo yaive yakagadzwa muLos Angeles, uye pakupedzisira, muna 2002 firimu reRussia rakapfurwa, Iwo masirivha esketi, yemahara vhezheni yacho.
Nyika yeNetherlands yakabatawo mukurumbira wenhoroondo saka kune zvimwe zvidhori pano neapo, kunyangwe kudivi reAtlantic nyaya yacho isinganyatso kuzivikanwa. Asi zvakadaro, kune kunyange imba yekugara muAmsterdam inonzi Hans Brinker.
Hans Brinker, iyo nyaya
Iyo novel inotaurira nyaya yemurombo asi akatendeka mukomana ane makore gumi nemashanu anogara muAmsterdam naamai vake nehanzvadzi. Guta rinogara rakabata mujaho wekukwikwidza chando muna Zvita uye pane imwe yemigero yeguta rakakurumbira. Mubairo iwo mapaundi esirivha skates.
Ehe, kutora chikamu ndiko kunodiwa zvakanyanya naHans, asi kuva murombo kune mikana mishoma kwazvo neakaremerwa matanda ake emuti. Zvakare, kuita kuti nyaya yacho inyanye kusuruvara, Baba vaHans vakarasa ndangariro. Rimwe zuva, achinge achishanda, akadonhera mudhamhu uye kubvira ipapo akararama asina ndangariro uye hafu muchidzikisira, hafu nekupopota kwechisimba, kumanikidza vamwe vese vemhuri yake kuti vashande kuti vararame.
Asi Hans mukomana akanaka uye anoda baba vake, saka rimwe zuva anotaurirana nachiremba ane mukurumbira, Dr. Boekman, chiremba akarega basa uye murume akafirwa nemwanakomana asipo. Akashamiswa nemafungiro emukomana ane makore gumi nemashanu, anobvuma kushanyira baba vake uye, mushure mekumuongorora, anopa kuongororwa kwake: ane bundu uye anoda kuvhiyiwa.
Zviri pachena, kuvhiya kunodhura uye ari zvachose asingawanikwe nemhuri yake yevarombo. Chiremba anovhiya haafanire kubhadharisa oparesheni, asi zvakadaro Hans anoona kuti anoda mari uye kuti mukana chete wekuiwana kutora chikamu mumujaho uye kuhwina masirivha skates. Akatsunga, Hans anoshandisa mari yake yese shoma uye anotenga maviri emasiketi, imwe yake uye imwe yehanzvadzi yake Gretel anozotorawo chikamu.
Iwo masiketi matsva akagadzirwa nesimbi uye ari nani pane ekare akagadzirwa nematanda. Uye iro zuva rakakura reiyo skating mujaho inosvika. Gretel anokunda muboka revasikana uye anokunda ake ega sirivheti masiketi. Kune rake divi, Hans ane mukana wekuhwina asi anorasikirwa neshamwari inoda mari kupfuura iye. Mukomana akatendeka uye ane moyo wakanaka.
Pakupedzisira, Dr. Boekman anogona kuita oparesheni uye hans baba vadzokera pakare. Naizvozvi, mamiriro emhuri anovandudzika, asi zvinovandudzika zvakanyanya pavanowana pfuma yakavanzwa. Kurohwa kaviri kwerombo rakanaka uye sebhonasi, chiremba uyo aisaziva kwaive nemwanakomana wake anokwanisa kumuwana.
Uye zvakadii nezvemukomana akashinga uye akatendeseka? Pakupedzisira chiremba anomubatsira kupinda basa rekurapa kuitira kuti Hans anova chiremba ane mukurumbira. A classic mufaro kupera, handizvo here?
Hans Brinker kana iwo masirivha skates, iyo edition
Iyo yekutanga rondedzero muChirungu yakabudiswa muna 1865 uye yakatengeswa chaizvo. Panguva iyoyo, vana vakanga vasina imwe nzira yevaraidzo kunze kwemitambo uye mabhuku, uye avo vaigona kuvaverengera kana kuvaverengera vakawana nguva dzakakura mune idzi nyaya.
Nyaya yaMary Mapes Dodge yakapa vana veAmerica a nyika nyowani: skating, tsika yekune dzimwe nyika senge maDutch uye nyaya yakanaka ine mugumo unofadza.
Saka, Dutch-mhando ice skating yakatanga kuve inozivikanwa muUnited States nemuma media anga achitanga kukura achifambidzana nebudiriro yenyika. Nguva yakafamba nanhasi Hans Brinker akafanana nequintessential speed skater.
Funga kuti ino novel ndeyemazuva ano Mukadzi mudikis, naLouise May Alcott kana na Sekuru Tom's kabhinirakanyorwa naHarriet Beecher Stowe. Vakadzi vatatu, vatatu vanyori vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye vevechidiki zvinyorwa.
Nguva pfupi gare gare, pamwe rimwe remabhuku anozivikanwa kwazvo muzvinyorwa zvevechidiki zveAmerica, Tom Sawyer naHuckleberry Finn, vaizosvika kuzoshandura mafambiro eiyo mhando yeNorth America uye ndima yekunyora zvachose. Asi kutanga, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti vakadzi vatatu vakanyora zvechokwadi zvinyorwa zvekare.
Uri kushamisika kana bhuku iri riine dudziro yeSpanish? Eheka! Kune editions muchiSpanish, chiFrench uye chiItaly uye sezvandambotaura, kungoita googling uye unosangana neiyo online vhezheni kuti uzive iyo nyaya, iverenge uye uikoshese nhasi, anopfuura makore zana gare gare.