Akanyanya kukosha mafarao eEkare Egypt

Iwo maharahara akakosha eEkare eEjipita anonyanya kukonzera kufarirwa kwekuti budiriro ichiripo mupasi rose nhasi. Kwavari tine ngava mabasa makuru kwazvo izvo isu parizvino tinochengetedza uye zvakare kuti yako nyika inochengetedza zvakabatana zvese zvayo aura yezvakavanzika uye mashiripiti.

Uye ndezvekuti kunyangwe ivo vadzidzi vepamusoro veEkare veIjipita vasina kukwanisa kutsanangura kuti budiriro yeNairi yaigona sei kuvaka mabasa ayo akajeka ekuvaka neinjiniya pasi pekutonga kwemadzimambo aya apo dzimwe tsika zhinji dzainge dzangoenda Neolithic. Kana iwe uchida kuziva aya mavara anoshamisa zvishoma zvirinani, tinokukoka kuti utitevere isu parwendo rwevanonyanya kukosha mafarao epasirese. Yekare Ijipiti.

Iwo maharahara akakoshesa eEkare eIjipita, kubva kuDjoser kusvika kuCleopatra

Iwo maharahara akatungamira magumo eIkare Ijipiti kwenguva yakareba yemakore zviuru zvitatu zvinosanganisira akasiyana madzimambo. Ivo vaive vangangoita mavara ehumwari kana, zvirinani, vaionekwa sevazukuru vevamwari vakaita sa Horus o Ra. Nekudaro, kwaive kurufu kuti, kwakabatana Osiris, ivo vakasvika muchikamu chechokwadi cheumwari. Asi, pasina kumwe kunonoka, ngatisangane vane mukurumbira wavo.

Zoser, munyori wepiramidhi rekutanga rakachengetedzwa

Iyi pharao, inozivikanwawo se Necherjet uye kuti akatonga pakati pa 2665 na2645 BC, haana mukurumbira seuya akazotevera. Asi, kana tikataura newe nezve Imhotep, pamwe uchazvimisikidza zvirinani. Kutumwa neyekutanga, wechipiri akavaka iyo nhanho piramidhi reSaqqara, kumaodzanyemba kweMemphis, guta guru roumambo hwake.

Iyo zvakare inonzi Step Pyramid yeDjoser nekuda kwechimiro chayo, yakashanda semuenzaniso kune yakazotevera Giza zvivakwa uye mamwe ese akazotevera mapiramidhi. Uye Imhotep inoonekwa se wekutanga mugadziri mukuru munhoroondo.

Cheops, wekutanga pakati pevanonyanya kukosha mafarao eEkare Egypt

Chaizvoizvo pharao uyo aive ne Piramidhi Huru yeGiza iri gare gare uye rakatokosha zvechokwadi. Zvakare inonzi Khufu, akatonga magumo eEgipita pakati pemakore 2589 na2566 Jesu Kristu asati asvika. Nhoroondo, anga aine mukurumbira semudzvinyiriri, uko kwakabatsira kwazvo chiGiriki Herodotus, asiri munyori akaomarara zvikuru.

Chero zvazvingaitika, kutitorera isu Great Pyramid yeGiza kunoitira zvimwe zvinhu. Kwete pasina, ndiyo yega Zvinomwe Zvinoshamisa zvePasi yekare yatinayo nhasi uye zvakare piramidhi hombe pane mangani akavakwa muIjipita Yekare.

Zvinotendwa kuti hunyanzvi hwakanangana nekusimudza kwaive iye mugadziri hemiunu, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive zvakare iyo chatty kana kutanga magistrate mushure meharahara iye. Uye ukuru hwebasa rake huchakupa pfungwa yekuti yaive chivakwa chakareba kwazvo kupasi kusvikira muzana ramakore regumi nemana shure kwaKristu, apo chakapfuurwa neguta guru reLincoln Cathedral, kuGreat Britain.

In the Egypt Museum muKairo unogona kuona chinomiririra Cheops. Icho chidiki chidhori chenyanga dzenzou chakawanikwa neChirungu archaeologist Flinders Petrie mu Abydos, inonzi Guta Dzvene raOsiris.

Khafre, mutsivi akakodzera

Mwanakomana weCheops, uyu pharao haigone kunzi akaisa baba vake munzvimbo yakaipa. Nekuti iye aisangova neyake piramidhi yakavakwa, asiwo inozivikanwa Yakakura sphinx, chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zveEkare Egypt.

Khafre akatonga pakati pemakore 2547 na2521 uye, kana chete kukosha kwakakura kwezvaakatipa isu, anofanirwa kuve pakati pevanonyanya kukosha mafarao eEkare Egypt. Uye zvakare, isu zvakare tine mumiriri wake: iye akagara chifananidzo chaJafra, iyo iwe yaunogona zvakare kuona mu Egypt Museum muKairo.

Tuthmosis III, mukundi

Farao wedu mukuru anotevera haana kumira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunetsekana kwake kwekuvaka sekuda kwake kukunda. Ichokwadi, akarwisa mishandirapamwe kumatunhu eRebhanoni yanhasi, Siria, nePalestine zvekuti, panguva yekutonga kwake, Humambo hweIjipita hwakaita kuwedzera nzvimbo yekuwedzera.

Tuthmosis III yakatonga kubva 1479 kusvika 1425 BC uye, pane kuvaka tembere, akabata nekudzoreredza nekukudza zviripo. Zvisinei, ane chikwereti kune vanomwe vakuru Karnak obelisks. Guva rake rakawanikwa musingaenzanisike Mupata waMambo.

Amenophis III

Kunge yapfuura, yaive yeiyo Dzinza reXNUMX reEgypt uye akatonga pakati pa1390 na 1353 pamberi paJesu Kristu. Kutonga kwake kwaive kwenguva refu uye kwakabudirira, nekuti aiziva kutora mukana wekukunda kwevakamutangira kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chakanyanya munzvimbo iyi.

Aivewo muvaki mukuru. Pakati pebasa raakasimudzira, idzva temberi yeThebes o Soleb's, muNubia. Yake mausoleum chete iya inonzi Kolosi yaMemnon, zvidhori zviviri zvakagara pasi, imwe neimwe iri gumi nemasere metres.

Amenhotep IV kana Akhenaten, anonzi Mufundisi Farao

Mwanakomana weyekutanga, akatonga pakati pemakore 1353 na1336. Akadzika munhoroondo nezita remadunhurirwa raFarao Mhedheni nekuti akatanga monotheistic chinamato cheAten, rakanga risiri rimwe zuva.

Senge kuti izvo zvaive zvisina kukwana, akatamisa guta guru rehumambo hwe Tebas a Ajetaton, iyezvino Amarna, kwaakavaka matembere makuru eichi chitendero chitsva nehupfumi hwakatorwa kubva kune vapirisita vekare. Asi izvi zvaive zvekare shanduko yehunyanzvi. Kusvika panguva iyoyo, iyo iconography yehunyanzvi hweEjipitori yaimiririra vanamwari vakafemerwa. Asi naAmenihotep IV protagonism yakapfuudza kumhuri yehumambo.

Uye isu zvakare tinofanirwa kutaura newe nezve izvi, nekuti mukadzi waFarao ndiye ainyanyo kuzivikanwa Nefertiti izvo zvakaonekwa kakawanda mumabhaisikopo nemanoveli. Mukadzi akanaka seane chipo chekutonga, vamwe paleo-vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotenda kuti aive iye semenejkara kuti iye akabatana pamwe na pharao iye kutanga uye oga gare gare. Kudzokera kunyaya yeunyanzvi, chaizvo iyo Nefertiti bust Icho chimwe chezvifananidzo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zveEkare Egypt.

Semutongi, Akhenaten, nerubatsiro rwaNefertiti, vakaita shanduko dzese dzatakakuudza nezvadzo uye dzinozivikanwa se Amarna Shanduko. Nayo, akabatanidza simba rehumambo kurwisa iro revapristi vakuru uye nguva yake yaive imwe yekubudirira kwehumambo.

Tutankhamun, mudiki pakati pevanonyanya kukosha maharahara eEkare Egypt

Aive mwanakomana weaimbova asi kwete wemukadzi wake asi waMeketaton, hanzvadzi-hanzvadzi yake, sekureva kwedzimwe nzvimbo, kana yeumwe wamainini vake, sekureva kwevamwe. Akatonga magumo eEjipitori pakati pa1334 na1325, achidzora zvakanyanya zvakaitwa nababa vake.

Kudanwa iyo Kid King, yakadzorera iyo vanamati vakawanda kudzorera yakawanda yesimba kuvapristi. Iye zvakare akadzorera iyo capital ku Tebas. Asi iye zvakare akadzorera chikamu chakanaka chemamaki akakuvadzwa mudariro rapfuura rekusagadzikana.

Tutankhamun anogona kunge asiri mumwe wevanonyanya kukosha maharahara eIjipita yeIjipiti, asi pasina mubvunzo ndiye anonyanya kufarirwa. Kuwanikwa kweguva rake rakapotsa kugadzikana na Howard Carter uye iko kunofungidzirwa kutuka kunoratidzika kunge kwakawira kune vese vakapinda mukutsvaga kwakamushandura kuita hunhu hwakakomberedzwa neaura wengano. Kubva ipapo kuenda kumabhaisikopo uye zvinyorwa pane nhanho imwe chete uye Mwana Mambo akatamba mumafirimu mazhinji uye enganonyorwa.

Ramses II, Mambo anovaka

Anofungidzirwa kuti pharao nekutonga kwakarebesa, sezvo akatonga kwemakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu (kubva muna 66 kusvika muna 1279 BC). Iye zvakare angave aive iye aive aine vana vazhinji, sezvo ivo vanofungidzirwa vangangoita zana.

Asi inozivikanwa zvakare se anovaka mambo kuwanda kukuru kwetembere dzinoyevedza dzaakavaka. Pakati pavo, mausoleum ake, iyo ramesseum, muMupata weMadzimambo, kana matembere ane mukurumbira anoumba Abu Simbel. Asi Ramses II akatopfuura. Akavaka guta idzva rose rehumambo kumabvazuva kweNire delta Pi-Ramses Aa-najtu kana Guta reRamses. Pakupedzisira, zita reMukadzi Mukuru wehumambo rinonzwikawo kwauri: Nefertari, iyo inoshandura se "panopenya zuva."

Cleopatra VII, iye akaisa Humambo hweRoma

Paakauya kuchigaro chehushe muna 51 BC, nyika hegemony yakanga yatove yake Roma. Zvisinei, mukadzi ane simba uyu akaita zvese zvaaigona kuti achengetedze Egypt, iyo yanga isisiri kugara muhunhu hwayo, kubva mumaoko emaLatin.

Pasina kupokana, ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa pane vese avo vakabata chinzvimbo chaharahara. Ukama hwako ne Marco Antonio and with Julius Caesar vakaburitsa mafirimu asingaverengeke. Zvakarurama Kesariyoni, mwanakomana waaive naye wechipiri, ndiye aizomutsiva pachigaro chine zita rekuti Ptolemy XVKunyangwe yaive yekufananidzira kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho, kubvira pakafa Cleopatra, Egypt yakava ruwa rweRoma.

Sezviri pachena, Cleopatra aive mukadzi anoshamisa aiziva nzira yekumisikidza dhipatimendi rese rezvematongerwo enyika, kutungamira mauto ehondo uye kunyangwe kunyora mabatirwo ezvekurapa uye mabhuku emitauro.

Mukupedzisa, iwo atakakuratidza iwe ndiwo mamwe eanonyanya kukosha maharahara eIjipita yeIjipita. Kwavari isu tine chikwereti chakawanda chezvivakwa zvakakurisa zvepasirose nyika uye nhaka yeakafambira mberi budiriro yenguva yayo. Zvisinei, paiva nevamwe vakakurumbira saivo. Semuyenzaniso, Menkaure, iyo yatinokwereta piramidhi yechitatu yebani reGiza; Amenemhat ini, muvaki weiyo yakaoma The Lisht uye munyori wemabasa ekunyora, kana mambokadzi-pharao hatshepsut, mutungamiri weCleopatra uye ndiani akaraira kuvakwa kwe Deir-el-Bahari tembere and the Red Chapel yaKarnak. Iwe haufunge here kuti iwo evatambi aya anonakidza nhoroondo?