Mari dzekare dzeEjipitori

Munhoroondo yese yeEjipitori iyo raha sekuzviziva kwatinoita yakangotamba yakakosha nguva munguva pfupi yapfuura. Iyo yekare egypt mari zvinongoonekwa mudanho rekupedzisira, iro re Ptolemaic Egypt.

Kwemakumi emakore, kutengeserana kwakaitwa kuburikidza nekuchinjana. Munharaunda yezvekurima uye yekushambadzira senge yeumambo hweharahara, kuchinjana kwezvinhu kwakaitwa kuburikidza nezviyo uye zvigadzirwa zvekutanga.

Sezvo budiriro yeEjipitori yakatanga uye ikawedzera kuomarara, zvakasiyana Matanho ekurema uye masisitimu akagadzirirwa kuita kuti nzira yekuchinjana iwedzere kufanana uye inoshanda.

En El-Amarna Goridhe mabara nemarin'i akawanikwa anogona kunge akashandiswa semari kutenderedza 1.300 BC, kunyangwe pasina humbowo hwezvakaitika mune izvi. Sezvineiwo, kwemazana emakore goridhe chaive chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chaishandiswa nevapfuri vegoridhe vekare veIjipita, kwete sirivheri, yainzi isimbi isingawanzo shamiswa.

Chaizvoizvo, iyo minted mari (mari yegoridhe, yesirivha neyemhangura iyo yakanga yatotanga kushandiswa kuGirisi neAsia Minor) yakazosvika chete kunyika dzevaIjipita pakupera kweNew Kingdom, kumaXNUMXth century BC kuburikidza nekutengeserana nemaGreek nevaFenikiya. Zvinonzwisisika kuti yakanga iri pharao wekupedzisira yemadzinza ekupedzisira, Nectanebo II, avo vakagadzira mari dzega dzega dzinozivikanwa: matanga egoridhe akakosha enhoroondo uye kukosha kwenhamba, kunyange vasina kumbouya kuzotenderera munyika yeNairi senzira yekubhadhara.

Mari dzePtolemaic Egypt

Pakati pe XNUMXth century BC Egypt yakave chikamu chehushe hwakakura hwakavakwa na Alexander Mukuru. Mushure mekufa kwake, vakuru vake uye shamwari (iyo inonzi diadco) kukunda kwakagovaniswa. TO Ptolemy Egipita yakawa. Aizove iye anotangisa imba yeumambo yaizotonga nyika idzi kusvika kukunda kweRoma.

Nedzimba raPtolemai kwakauya kuumbwa kwemari nenzira yakajairika. A mint muguta re Memphis uye gare gare chimwe chakakosha mu Alexandria. VaIjipita, avo vanga vasina kushandisa chero rudzi rwemari system kwemazana emakore uye mazana, vakatora makore mashoma kujairira kugadzira mari.

Hwaro hwemari yekare yeIjipita yaive iyo Kurema kweFenikiya, inorema 14,2 gramu, inozivikanwawo se ptolemaic uremu. Ichi chiyero chakasiyana nehuremu hweAttic, hwakanyanya muHellenic sphere, nekuda kwehuremu hwayo uye saizi: Mari dzePtolemaic dzaive diki pane mamwe ese emari epasi echiGreek.

ari designs yemari idzi vaitevera muenzaniso wakasanotsanangurwa: zvakashata zvaigara zvichiratidza mufananidzo wamambo, nepo kumashure kwaive nezviratidzo zvakasiyana zvakaita segondo pabheni mheni, kana zvimiriri zvevamwari vekare vemuIjipita vakaita saIsis naOsiris.

Nekuda kwekushomeka kwesirivha, mari dzaiwanzo shandiswa mu Ptolemaic Egypt dzaive zhinji dzemhangura. VaPtolemy vakaumbwa estaras uye octodracmas ndarama, tretradrachmas (senge iri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro) uye didrachmas sirivheri, kuwedzera kune madrakema muhukuru hukuru hwemhangura. Munguva yakatangira kuunganidzwa kwevaRoma, ndarira yakapararira, ichitsiva sirivheri.

Mari yeEgipita yeEgipita

Muna 30 BC, mushure mekufa kwa CleopatraMambokadzi wekupedzisira weimba yaPtolemy uye pasina mubvunzo anozivikanwa kwazvo weEkare Egypt, Egypt yakazove ruwa rweRoma.

Yakanga iri mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu dunhu rine chinzvimbo chakakosha, nekuti zvaitsamira zvakanangana namambo. Kuiswa kwekutonga kwevaRoma kwaive kwakazara. Zvisinei, mari yenyika yeEjipitori yakasikwa navaPtolemy yakaramba ichitenderera kwerinenge rimwe zana ramakore.

MaRoma, anogara achizvitutumadza, vakawana rakashanduka shanduko sangano munharaunda yavo nyowani. Uye zvakare, Ptolemaic Egypt yaive hupfumi hwakawanda kwazvo hwemari, kunyanya muAlexandria, guta guru. Saka vakafunga kusachinja zvirongwa zvaive zvichishanda zvakaringana kwemazana matatu emakore apfuura.

Sirivha kubva kumari dzakare dzeEjipita dzakashandiswazve kugadzirwa Tetradrachmas dzeRoma. Iyo yakakosha simbi yezvinhu zvemari idzi yaive yakadzikira, ingori 30%. Denarii negoridhe hazvina kumbobvira zvanyorwa paminiti yevaIjipita panguva yese yevaRoma.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukwezva pamusoro pemari iyi ndiko kupfuma kwechiratidzo chayo. Mariri tsika dzevaIjipita nevePtolemy dzinosanganiswa nemufananidzo wemambo wakatemerwa kubva kuRoma.

Nekudaro, zviripo madhinari anonzi "maEgipita" izvo zvakagadzirwa mune mamwe matunhu ehumambo. Muenzaniso unonyatso kuzivikanwa ndewe iyo tetradrachm ye Cleopatra Selene II, mwanasikana waMark Antony naCleopatra. Mari iyi (iyo inoonekwa pamitsetse iyi) yakavezwa muMauretania uye inoratidza pachayo kumashure mufananidzo wegarwe reNire pamwe nerungano. Basilissa kleopatra (Mambokadzi Cleopatra) muchiGiriki.