Zvaive zvakaita vaIjipita vekare

Wati wamboshamisika here kuti maIjipita ekare aive akaita sei? Wako aive imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha dzekare, pamwe chete neMesopotamiya, chiGiriki neRoma. Chaizvoizvo budiriro iyi yavakawana yakatitendera kuti tisiye vazhinji mabasa enyanzvi izvo zvinotipa ruzivo rwakakura nezve hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.

Kutenda kwaari, isu tine ruzivo nezvetsika dzavo, chinamato chavo, nzira yavo yekuzvitonga, kuumbwa kwenzanga yavo uye kunyangwe mafashoni akateedzerwa nemakirasi akapfuma. Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti maIjipita ekare aive akaita sei, tinokukurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga.

Mararamiro evaIjipita vekare

Kubudirira kwekare kweEjipitori kwakagara kunenge mazana matatu emakore. Yakatanga kukura ichitenderedza yepakati chiteshi cheiyo Rwizi rweNile Kusvika pagore 3.100 XNUMX BC uye yakadzimwa seakadaro kutenderedza 31 shure kwaKristu, payakapinzwa muhumambo hweRoma. Mukureba kwenguva refu, ivo vakagadzira tsika iyo ichiri kutishamisa isu nanhasi nemwero wayo wekusimudzira. Ngatione ayo makuru mativi.

Izvo zvaive zvakaita vaIjipita vekare: chitarisiko chemuviri

Zvinonzwisisika, mukati memazana emakore makumi matatu, chimiro chevapenyu chevaIjipita chakachinja zvakanyanya. Asi, kana tichifanira kuvimba nemimiriri yemifananidzo yavakatisiira, pamwe yakagadziriswa kune rimwe divi, tinogona kusvika kumhedziso.

Nekudaro, isu tinogona kukamura vagari vemuNire chiteshi kuva mapoka maviri makuru. Kune rimwe divi, nhengo dzemakirasi akaremara aive akareba uye matete, aine kumeso kwembiru, huma yakatetepa, nemhino refu, yakatwasuka. Ivo vaimboveura misoro yavo kupfeka yakatwasuka matema wigi pane iyo yaive yemhemberero ngowani.

Kune rimwe divi, nhengo dzemakirasi mashoma-akapfuma dzaive pfupi uye dziine huso hwakasimba. Vakanga vane mhuno yakapetwa uye rakamonana asi bvudzi rechisikigo, sezvo vaisakwanisa kutenga mawigi.

Kukohwa Kukohwa

Kukohwa Kukohwa muIjipita Yekare

Kune rimwe divi, tarisiro yeupenyu muIjipita yeIjipita yaive yakatenderedza Makore makumi mana paavhareji. Asi, sezvaunogona kufungidzira, vanhu vepamusoro-soro vakagara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura vamwe, vachiitirwa mabasa akaomesesa uye asingavongi.

Zvirwere zvakajairika pamahombekombe eNairi panguva iyoyo yaive iyo scurvy and the tuberculosis, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive inouraya uye yakaparadza huwandu hwevanhu.

Mhuri, hupenyu hwemagariro uye hurumende

Sezvazvinoitika kwatiri, mhuri yaive chinhu chakakosha kwazvo kune vaIjipita. Kuroora kwaionekwa se mamiriro akanaka yemunhu uye kusvika kwemwana mutsva kwaive inopembererwa zvikuru, kunyangwe gare gare ivo vachadzidziswa mukati mekugona kweumwe neumwe. Vana vemakirasi akazvininipisa vaimbodzidza iro basa revabereki vake, apo vasikana vakaendeswa kune basa reimba. Pane kudaro, vana vepamusoro-soro vakadzidziswa kutanga nevaranda uye gare gare mune chimwe chikoro chezvikoro kwavakadzidza kuverenga nekunyora, chitendero uye masvomhu. Vokupedzisira vakadaidzwa Dzimba dzeHupenyu.

Kune rimwe divi, vaIjipita vekare vakaroora vachiri vadiki kwazvo, nemakore gumi nemashanu chete uye vane gumi nevaviri vavo. Ehezve, zvaive zvine musoro tichifunga nezvenguva pfupi yeupenyu hwake.

Kana zviri zvehupenyu hwemagariro, paive nemitambo inozivikanwa kwazvo senge bhiri, iyo inoonekwa seimwe yezvakaitika zve backgammon yazvino. Asi vaifarirawo mitambo. Muchokwadi, ivo vanofungidzirwa vavambi vebhaluni. Uyezve, vaive nehunyanzvi pa kurwisana, all racing, the bvisa and the kupfura uta. Ivo vaitoverengera chimwe chinhu senge tsiva.

Zvichava zvinoda kuziva kuziva kuti chinwiwa chinwiwa chevaEgipita chaive Doro uye kuti zvakare vaive nemhando dzakasiyana dzayo. Chainyanya kukosheswa chaive icho chavaidaidza seremet, kunyangwe yaingowanikwa kune vane ropafadzo vashoma. Ivo zvakare vakadya waini yakawanda uye, maererano nezvekudya kwavo, vaifarira zvese nyama nehove uye vaikoshesa zvigadzirwa zvakaita se mafutala miel, all michero and the confectionery.

Varanda veNubian

Kumiririrwa kwevamwe varanda veNubian

La imba yekuMiddle Egypt yaive yakapfava, ine madziro eadobe akapendwa chena. Vaimbova nazvo imwe pasi uye vakayera pakati pezviuru zvina makumi mana nezana nezana makumi maviri emamita mita zvichienderana nehupfumi hwemhuri yaigaramo. Vaive nemahwindo madiki uye vanhu vashanu kusvika gumi vaigara mavari.

Zvisinei, vaIjipita vaibata utsanana zvine ruremekedzo. Muchokwadi, ivo vanofungidzirwa Vagadziri vemazino uye zvakare, maererano nemamwe manyuko, eiyo zvipfeko. Muchikamu chikuru, izvi zvaive nekuti ivo vakapawo zvakanyanya kukosha kune aesthetics.

Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika raive nemusoro usingarambike: iyo Farao, iyo midziyo yeumwari yakanzi yakatorwa. Zvino paive nevakuru vehurumende, vakadaidzwa vanyoriand the vapristi. Ipapo kwakauya iyo dhorobha, iyo yainyanya kupirwa kumabasa emaoko nekurima.

Pakupedzisira, paive ne varanda izvo zvavaivawo nazvo dzimwe kodzero. Pamutemo, varidzi vavo vaifanira kuvapa chikafu nekugara, asiwo mbatya nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Ivo vanogona kunyange kutenga ivhu uye kuwana mari, chimwe chinhu chisingafungidzirwe kune varanda vehumwe humambo hwazvino.

Vaiva sei vaIjipita vekare: chitendero nemhemberero

Chitendero muIjipita rekare chaigara chiripo vanonamata. Farao chete Amenhotep IV mwari mumwe akabvumidzwa kuenda: Aten (kumwe kwekukumbira kwe Ra) uye akazvizivisa iye semuyananisi pakati pake nevarume. Zvisinei mwanakomana wake, ane mukurumbira TutankhamunAkadzokera ku polytheism, zvakanyanya achifurirwa nevapristi avo vakarasikirwa nesimba pane kuita kwake.

Temberi yaHatshepsut

Hatshepsut Tembere

Vamwari vaimiririrwa nezvimiro anthropomorphic, kunyangwe mune dzimwe nguva vakawedzerwa misoro yemhuka izvo kazhinji zvainongedzera kumasimba ake. Semuyenzaniso, Horus Aive akamiririrwa nemusoro wegora, Anubis chembwa, Sobek garwe uye Seth neimwe yakafanana neiya yemhumhi. Iyo yekupedzisira, Aten kana Ra, Shu, Geb, Tecnut, Nephthys, Osiris naIsis, vakaumba iyo Ennead weHeliopolis, rimwe remapoka akakosha evanamwari.

Nezve mhemberero dzechitendero, pamwe hapana vanhu vaive nezvakawanda sevaIjipita. Ivo havana kungosarudza sezvinhu zvekunamata mhuka dzakawanda, asi kunyange zvirimwa.

Kuti vapemberere uye varipire mutero kuna vamwari vavo, vakaita mitambo yakasiyana-siyana. Pamwe yakanyanya kuomarara yaive yekufona Mutambo weKuchema kweIsis, iyo yaive yakatemerwa kuchema uye yakaitika mumwedzi waNovember. Saizvozvo, neiyo nguva yechando solstice iyo Tsvaga Osiris. Uyu ndiye mumwe wevanamwari vaikudzwa kwazvo nevaIjipita, nekuti vaipembererawo Jehovha Osiris anoonekwa zvakare, kufa kwake kana Mutambo weMbeu nokumuka kwake.

Isis akagashirawo kuwanda kwakati pakupera kwegore. Muenzaniso wakanaka wavo waive iwo Iseas kana mutambo weKucheneswa kweIsis, iyo yakaitika munguva yechando. Muchidimbu, mimwe mitambo yekunamata yenzanga iyoyo yaive Mutambo Wakanaka WemuMupata, yehunhu hwemariro uye imomo mhuri ya pharao yaipinda; Laginoforia, seti yemhemberero dzakabatana newaini uye idzo dzinowana zita ravo kune lágino, mudziyo uyo waitakuriswa chinwiwa, uye kupikisa bato, iyo yakasimbisazve hukama pakati paAmun-Re naFarao iye.

Sayenzi

VaIjipita vekare vaive vagadziri vakuru. Izvo zvakafanira, pakati pevamwe, iyo papyrus, makenduru kana kukiya, kutaura zvinhu zvitatu chete zvekushandisa kwemazuva ese. Asi, zvakadzama, ivo vakamira kunze kwavo kufambira mberi mumasvomhu uye geometry. Muchokwadi, maGiriki Herodotus naStrabo vakaziva kuti vanhu vavo vakagara nhaka yekupedzisira kubva kuvaIjipita.

Hatidi kukuudza nezve kugona kwavakaita pakuvaka nekuti zvakaringana kuona mapiramidhi kana tembere dzakapihwa kwatiri kuti tizvizive. Kana zviri zvemakemikari, zvinoita kunge vaive futi nyanzvi dzemakemikari. Zvinotendwa kuti, sekukuudza kwatakaita, ivo ndivo vekutanga kugadzira zvigadzirwa uye zvakare kushandisa iyo girazi uye lime lime matope.

Tutankhamun shongwe

Tutankhamen

Pakupedzisira, maererano nemishonga, vasvika kwatiri zvibvumirano zvakasiyana panhau yeEgipita yekare. Semuenzaniso, iye Edwin Smith Papyrus, yakafungidzirwa kegwaro rekuvhiya rekutanga (XNUMXth century BC); imwe ye Hearst, iri fomu rinoshanda revanachiremba, kana iyo ye lahun, pane zvevakadzi. Uyezve, muIjipita aive chiremba wekutanga anozivikanwa: hesy-ra, uyo akararama mugore 3.000 BC.

Zvaive zvakaita vaIjipita vekare: hunyanzvi

Izvo chaizvo kune hunyanzvi kuti isu tine chikwereti chakawanda cheizvo zvatinoziva nezve yekare Ijipiti. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake mukudhirowa nekuveza, takagamuchira ruzivo rwakakosha nezve hupenyu hwake netsika. Vanoratidzika kunge vanofarira iyo polychromy uye chisingadzivisike ndechekuti isu tinotaura newe nezve kufona nhoroondo yeegypt.

Chaizvoizvo, iyi nzira inoshamisa yekuratidzira zvisikwa iri nekuda kwepfungwa yemumiriri inonzi "Sezvinei"  uye ane chikonzero chikuru chekuve aive mashiripiti pfungwa iro guta iro raive neunyanzvi. Mune mamwe mazwi, zviyero zvinomiririrwa zvaigona kunge zviri kuremekedzwa uye, zvichidaro, zvimwe zvikamu zvaive zvakatarisana nechemberi nepo zvimwe zviri padivi kuti zvioneke zvinogamuchirwa kubva kumativi ese.

Mukupedzisa, kana iwe uchinetseka kuti maIjipita ekare aive akaita sei, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti vakavaka imwe yemagariro epamberi epanguva yayo. Kunyangwe, sezvazvinowanzoitika nenjodzi dzakasimukira, zvaizopedzisira zvave pasi pevamwe pakukwira senge ChiGiriki uye muRoma panguva iyoyo.


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