Vishnu: Mumwe wevanamwari vanonyanya kukosha veIndia

Ungade here kuenda kuIndia pazororo rako rinotevera uye unofarira kuziva zvakawanda nezvetsika nemagariro. Chimwe chezvinhu zvisinganyanyo kuzivikanwa kune vekuMadokero chitendero chechiHindu, chakakosha kuziva nzira yekufunga uye kunzwa kwevagari veIndia.

Chitendero chechiHindu chizere nengano uye zvinoshamisa zviitiko zvinoitwa navanamwari, vamwari, madhimoni, vanhu, uye zvimwe zvisikwa. Nekudaro, ivo vanamwari vakuru vechiHindu vatatu: Brahma, Vishnu naShiva. Imwe neimwe inomiririra yakakosha simba yekuvapo kwechisiko: musiki wayo ndiBrahma, iro rinoenderera simba ndiVishnu uye iro rinoparadza ndiShiva. Ose matatu ndiwo Trimurti kana "mafomu matatu" muSanskrit, ndiko kuti, hutatu hwechiHindu.

Ndeipi basa rine iyo Trimurti? Ndeapi mabasa emwari wega wega mukati maro? Mune ino posvo isu tinotsvaga mune chinamato cheHindu kuti tizive zvishoma zvirinani vanamwari vatatu ava uye kunyanya Vishnu. Ramba uchiverenga mushure mekusvetuka!

Iyo Trimurti

Sezvandambotaura, vatatu ndivo vanamwari vanonyanya kukosha vechiHindu: Brahma, Vishnu naShiva. Ivo vese vanogadzira iyo trimurti uye imwe neimwe yavo ine simba rinozadzisa chiyero chechisiko, saka kuti hazvigoneke kuve nemimba yezvisikwa (Brahma) kana kuparadzwa kwechisiko (Shiva). Uyezve, muchokwadi kuchengetedza kwayo isimba rinotsigira kurongeka kwepasi. Aya ndiwo maratidziro anoita vakatendeka pachinamato ichi zvinhu zvese nekudaro kukosha kukuru kweava mwari mairi.

Kubva kuBrahma Brahmanism yakavambwa muIndia. Bazi reHinduism iro rinomutora semwari mukuru, mavambo evamwe vamwari, vanova kuratidzwa kwake. Kubva pakurwiswa kweAryan, Brahmanism yakazvarwa, iyo yakaona Shiva naVishnu sevamwari vadiki.

Vishnu ndiani?

Anozivikanwa muchitendero chechiHindu samwari wekunaka nekuchengetedza, ndiye mwari mukuru wazvino weVaisnavism rinova bazi reHinduism iro rine Vishnu samwari mukuru. Zvinoenderana neazvino izvi, ari iye musiki wezvose, mwari uyu akafunga kuzviburitsa mu trimurti kana "mafomu matatu."

Vishnu anopomerwa basa rekuyera zvakanaka nezvakaipa munyika uye vanhu vanomukumbira rubatsiro mukutsvaga nzira yeruponeso.

Etymological dudziro yaVishnu

Kana tichiongorora zita ramwari mune zvaro etymological, chikamu chemudzi "vis" chinoreva kugadzirisa kana kuzadza izvo zvinouya kuzoburitsa humwe hunhu hwaVishnu "uyo anowanda muzvinhu zvese."

Nenzira iyi zvinogumiswa kuti zita rake rinoreva mwari uyo akazadza zvinhu zvese nevanhu vanogara munyika. Kutanga kubva pachirevo ichi, Vishnu haina kuganhurirwa munguva, nzvimbo kana chinhu. Simba rake rinova risingaperi. Saizvozvowo, kune vatsvaguriri vanochengetedza kuti dudziro yeetymological yezita iri "izvo zvinopinda mune zvese."

Vishnu anorondedzerwa sei?

Iye anowanzo fananidzirwa semwari-ganda-ganda mwari ane fomu yemunhu uye maoko mana akabata zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvinotakura zvakasiyana zvinoreva:

• Padma (maruva erotus ane kunhuwirira kunofarirwa neVishnuists)
• Sudarshaná chakrá (chibvumirano chakafanana neicho chinopfekwa nemhare dze ninja dzinoshandiswa naVishnu kuparadza madhimoni)
• Shankhá (conch shell ine ruzha muIndia inomiririra kukunda mushure mekukunda muvengi)
• Mhete yegoridhe (yekupwanya misoro yevaiti vezvakaipa)

Iye anowanzooneswa akagara pamaruva erotus naLaksmi, mukadzi wake, pane rimwe remabvi ake. Ndiye mwarikadzi wehupfumi uye anozviratidza bhuti-sakti (zvisikwa) uye kriya-sakti (basa rekugadzira). Sezvo Vishnu asingakwanise kuve chikamu cheakazvigadzira (ahamta) kana simba rake, anoda mukadzi anogara anaye. Nechikonzero ichi mwarikadzi Laksmi anofanirwa kuperekedza Vishnu mune zvese zvaakaita.

Ndeapi ari maficha ezvouMwari aVishnu uye anokudzwa sei?

Mwari Vishnu ane hunhu hwoumwari hwakasiyana: kuwana izvo zvaari kuda (prakamya), hukuru (isitva), hunhu hwekudzvinyirira zvishuwo (kama vasayitva), kutonga pamusoro pevamwe (vasitva), kuwana chero chinhu (prapti), masimba emweya (aishwaria), ruzivo (gnana) kana simba (shakti), pakati pevamwe vazhinji.

Hazvizivikanwe zvechokwadi kuti Vishnu akatanga kunamatwa riini kana kuti sei. Mukuunganidzwa kwezvitendero zvevaAryan (maVeda) mwari uyu akabatana kwazvo neIndra uye akarongwa samwari mudiki. Pave paya ndipo paakazova chikamu chetrimurti muchitendero chechiHindu uye mwari anonyanya kukosha weichi chitendero.

Nhasi maHindu anotenda kuti Vishnu akaverengerwa semavatat akasiyana paPasi uye mwari uyu anonamatwa muchimiro chea avatat nekushinga.

Ndeapi maavatat aVishnu?

Mukati mechiHindu, avatar ndiko kuiswa kwemwari, kunyanya Vishnu. Ndokunge, zvakaenzana nevamwari vechiGiriki nevechiRoma. Mukati meVaisnavism, maavatat aya akaungana mumakirasi akasiyana maererano nehunhu uye nebasa rinotsanangurwa muMagwaro.

• Vananá: diki, akabuda muruse-iugá.
• Matsia: iyo hove, yakaonekwa musia-iugá.
• Kurma: kamba, yakabuda musia-jugá.
• Varaja: nguruve yemusango, yakaonekwa musatan-iugá.
• Narasinja - Iyo hafu shumba, hafu murume kuita muviri. Akabuda ari satia-iugá kuti akunde dhimoni Jirania Kashipú.
• Parashurama: (Rama nedemo), yakaonekwa mutreta-jugá.
• Rama: mambo weAiodhia, akabuda mutreta-iugá.
• Krishna: (anokwezva) akaonekwa mu duapara-iugá, pamwe nehama yake Balaram. Mazhinji mafambiro evaVisnuist anomuona semunhu waVishnu.
• Buddha: (sage) akabuda muKali-iugá. Iwo maBhaibheri asingatauri Buddha seyepfumbamwe avatar nyika Balaram panzvimbo.
• Kalki: muparadzi weasina kuchena. Inotarisirwa kuoneka pakupera kwe kali-iugá.

Mazera evanhu

MuHinduism iuga imwe yeaya mazera mana ayo nguva huru kana majā iuga yakakamurwa. Era ina kana iugas ndeaya:

• Satia-iuga (nguva yechokwadi): 1.728.000 makore ekuberekwa.
• Duapara-iuga: Makore mazana masere nemakumi masere nemana emakore.
• Treta-iuga: makore 1.296.000.
• Káli-iuga: nguva yedhimoni Kali yemakore 432.000.