Norway, ine huwandu hwevanhu vane mamirioni 4,6 vanhu kuchamhembe kwenzvimbo dzeEurope, nhasi ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakapfuma kwazvo pasirese. Iyo Kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hweNorway inoratidzirwa zvese muGDP pamunhu uye mune yemagariro capital. Zvakare, Norway inogara ichionekwa kumusoro kweUnited Nations Human Development Index.
Unotsanangura sei kubudirira uku? Iko kiyi iri mumatura makuru e natural resources iyo nyika ine. Asi izvo hazvina kukwana. Kuvapo kwe hunyanzvi hwevashandi uye kuyedza kujairira itsva technologies.
La Nhoroondo yezvehupfumi yeNorway Inogona kuisirwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: isati yasvika uye mushure merusununguko rwenyika muna 1814.
Kusati kwawana kuzvitonga
Hupfumi hweNorway hwakagara hwakavakirwa mukugadzirwa kwe nharaunda dzekurima dzemuno uye zvimwe zvinoenderana zvakadai se hove, kuvhima uye masango. Kutengeserana kwaichengetwa kuri vapenyu nezvikwata zvinogara zvichikura zvevatengesi.
Kubata hove kunoenderera mberi nekuita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hweNorway
Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze, nharaunda kuchamhembe nekumadokero dzainyanya kuvimba nehove nekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kupfuura nharaunda dzekumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva, dzainyanya kuvimba nezvekurima. Panguva ino nzvimbo huru yezvehupfumi yaive guta re Bergen.
Kuvandudza kwehupfumi muNorway muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX
Rini, mushure memakore 417, Norway yakawana Kuzvimirira kwavo MuDenmark muna 1814, vanopfuura 90% yevagari (vanenge vanhu zviuru mazana masere) vaigara kumaruwa. Muna 800.000 iyo Central Bank yeNorway uye mari yenyika yakaunzwa: iyo specialler.
Iko kusimukira kwehupfumi kweNorway kwakatanga kutora nhanho dzayo dzekutanga pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Kutenda kune kunze kwenyika kwe iron, marasha, huni nehove, nyika yakawana kukura kukuru kwekutengeserana, kupfuura nyika yakapoteredza yeSweden. Kune rimwe divi, kuunzwa kwenzira nyowani dzekurima kwakawedzera kugadzirwa kwezvekurima uye kwakafarira kuvandudzwa kwezvipfuyo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Norway yakava simba muchikamu che Kutakura kwegungwa. Ngarava dzayo dzaimiririra zvishoma pasi pe7% yepasi rose muna 1875. Maindasitiri emunyika akaitika mumafungu akati wandei.
Dambudziko uye kukura
La Hondo Yenyika Yokutanga kwaive kudzikira kwehupfumi hweNorway. Nyika yakabhadhara mhedzisiro yekunyanyisa kwehupfumi hwayo kuvimba neUnited Kingdom, ipapo mutengesi wayo mukuru. Vachishaya mikana munyika yavo, maNorway mazhinji akatamira kuAmerica muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Kubata kweGerman nyika muma40s kwakamisa kuyedza kudzora kwekuedza kwemakumi gumi apfuura.
Zvakawanda zvehupfumi hweNorway hupfumi hwakavakirwa pamafuta
Mushure mehondo, Norway yakatarisana nedambudziko yaive yekuvaka zvakare hupfumi. Ndipo panguva iyo iyo nyika yeNorway payakatora rezvemagariro demokrasi reresipi, iyo yakabudirira nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwemahombekombe makuru e mafuta negasi muNorth Sea.
ari makore egoridhe ehupfumi hweNorway ndeaya anobva 1950 kusvika 1973. Munguva iyi GDP yakawedzera zvakanyanya, kutengeserana kwekunze kwakakurumidza, kushaikwa kwemabasa kwakanyangarika uye inflation yakaramba yakadzikama.
Hupfumi hwepasi rose hwakazungunuswa muna1973 neainzi "dambudziko remafuta". Zvine musoro, senyika inogadzira, Norway yakatambudzwa zvakanyanya. Dzidziso yezvemagariro evanhu yakasununguka yaifanira kuchinjwa nemhinduro dzakasununguka, nemitero yakakwira uye kuderedzwa kwemari.
Dambudziko rezvemari rekupedzisira kwemaXNUMX nemazana ekutanga emakore makumi maviri nemaviri rakakanganisa makambani mazhinji eNorway, nepo nyika yakatora mazhinji emabhanga makuru kutengeserana kuti isaparara zvachose.
Hupfumi hweNorway nhasi
Nhasi nyika ine hupfumi hwakasimba uye hwakasimba. Chikamu chemafuta chakakosha zvakanyanya. Ichokwadi kuti manejimendi manejimendi zviwanikwa zvakaita kuti Norway ive imwe yehupfumi hwakapfuma pasi rose.
Norway ndiyo nyika yekutanga pasi rose muHuman Development Index
Zvinhu zvinoita mutsauko pakati peNorway nedzimwe nyika dzinogadzira oiri zvinotevera: kudzidziswa kwevashandi, tsika yekugamuchirwa kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzinotungamira, uye masangano ezvematongerwo enyika akatsiga.
Sezvineiwo, Norway yakaramba kuramba kuva chikamu cheiyo European Union. Iyo zvakare inochengetedza mari yenyika, iyo Norwegian krone. Zvisinei, inonamatira Nharaunda yeEuropean Economic (EEA)
Nhasi Norway iri nyika yechitanhatu pasi rose uye yechipiri kuEurope muGDP pamunhu zvinoenderana nedhata kubva kuInternational Monetary Fund (IMF). Izvo zvinofanirwawo kucherechedzwa kuti, sekufungidzira neUnited Nations Development Chirongwa, Norway ndiyo nyika yekutanga pasi rose Yekuvandudza kwevanhu Index.