Mufananidzo | Pixabay
Kana tikazvibvunza kuti ndechipi chiyeuchidzo chatinogona kutora kumba mushure merwendo kuRussia, zvirokwazvo vazhinji vedu vangapindura tisingazeze kuti ndangariro dzakanakisa ndeye matrioshka.
Iyo ndeimwe yematoyi anozivikanwa kwazvo pasirese, ayo iwe aunozoona nyore kunyangwe usati wamboshanyira Russia zvisati zvaitika. Muchokwadi, mukurumbira wavo wakadai zvekuti matrioshkas akatove chiratidzo chekushongedza uye chemafashoni. Uyezve, iwe unogona kunge uine matrioshka kumba uye haurangarire kuti wakachiwana kupi.
Iyo matrioshkas ine curious mabviro uye zvakare zvine revo huru kune maRussia paanovagamuchira iwo sezvipo. Kana iwe uchigara uchinetseka kuti nhoroondo yetoyi iyi ndeyei, zita rayo rinobva kupi uye kuti rinomirirei, haugone kupotsa chinyorwa ichi pandichapindura iyi mibvunzo yese.
Chii chinonzi matrioshkas?
Idzo idhori dzemapuranga dzinochengeta dzinoverengeka dzadzo mumhando dzakasiyana.. Zvichienderana nesaizi yaamai matrioshka, mukati tinogona kuwana pakati peashoma mashanu uye anosvika makumi maviri matrioshka, imwe neimwe iri diki pane yapfuura. Zvinoshamisa!
Chii chinomiririra matrioshkas?
Iwo matrioshkas anomiririra vakadzi vevarombo veRussia uye chiratidzo chemagariro chenyika.
Inoitwa sei matrioshkas?
Kugadzira matrioshkas, huni dzinonyanya kushandiswa ndidzo dzinobva kualder, balsa kana birch, kunyangwe ingangove huni dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndeye linden.
Miti yacho inotemwa muna Kubvumbi, inova ndiyo inenge yakanyanya kuzara nesvutugadzike, uye matanda acho anofurwa nemhepo kweanenge makore maviri nekuzora magumo awo nesipo kudzivirira huni kutsemuka.
Kana vagadzirira, vavezi vanocheka hurefu hwakafanira votumira kumusangano kuti vashande huni mumatanho gumi nemashanu. Matrioshka yekutanga inogadzirwa inogara iri diki.
Mufananidzo | Pixabay
Zita rokuti matrioshka rinobva kupi?
Zita retoyi iyi rinobva kuna «Matriona», rimwe remukurumbira muRussia yekare, iro rinobvawo muchiLatin «mater» zvinoreva amai. Gare gare izwi rekuti "Matriona" rakashandurwa kuita matrioshka kuratidza ichi chidhori. Mamwe mazwi ayo anoshandiswa zvakare kureva matrioshkas ndiwo mazita senge mamushka uye babushka.
Chii chinonzi chiratidzo chematrioshkas?
Matrioshkas eRussia anoratidzira kubereka, amai uye hupenyu husingaperi. Ndokureva, mhuri hombe uye yakabatana iyo amai vanozvara mwanasikana, izvi kumuzukuru wavo, iye kumuzukuru wake uye zvichingodaro kusvika kumiririra nyika isingaperi.
Pakutanga, zvidhori zvechikadzi chete zvaive zvakavezwa, asi gare gare zvimiro zvechirume zvakagadzirwazve kuitira kuti mhuri izadzise uyezve inomiririra mimwe miitiro yakadai sehukama pakati pehama. Nekufamba kwenguva, ivo vakatangawo kugadzira matrioshkas echiRussia aimiririra nhoroondo kana zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.
Mufananidzo | Pixabay
Ndeipi nhoroondo yematrioshkas?
Zvinonzi pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mutengesi weRussia nemubatsiri Savva Mamontov vakaita rwendo kuenda kuJapan uko kwaakashanyira kuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi uko kwaakadzidza nezvezvakaitika kare zvematrioshkas. Icho chaive mumiriri wevanamwari vanomwe vaive mumwe mukati meumwe ari Fukurokuju (mwari wemufaro nehungwaru) wedangwe uye iye aive nevamwe vamwari.
Mamontov akachengeta zano uye paakadzokera kuRussia akaiisa kune mupendi uye mutendeuki Sergei Maliutin kuitira kuti agone kuita yake yega yechiJapanese chidimbu. Nenzira iyi, mudhori akagadzirwa uyo aimiririra anofara murimi weRussia uyo akagamuchira vana vake vese.
Iyo toyi yakakonzera kutekenyedzwa ku1900 Paris World's Fair, uko yakaenderera nekuhwina menduru yebronze, uye mafekitori akakurumidza kutanga kumera muRussia achiburitsa matryoshka ari kutengeswa pasirese uye nekuMadokero. Nenzira iyi, chazove chiratidzo chetsika dzeRussia uye chiyeuchidzo chinomiririra nyika. Imwe neimwe mhizha inoveza zvidhori zvayo uye ave matoyi akakosha zvakanyanya nekuti dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvevateresi.
Mufananidzo | Pixabay
Iyo Moscow Matryoshka Museum
Muchokwadi, ivo vakakosha zvekuti muna 2001 yakavhurwa muMoscow, iyo Matryoshka Museum yekushambadza nhoroondo yematoyi aya uye shanduko yavo nekufamba kwenguva.
Ino miziyamu inoratidza mamwe ekutanga matrioshkas eRussia akagadzirwa mukutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri uye maitiro avo akachinja pamusoro pemakore.
Semuenzaniso, muma1920 maBolshevik matrioshkas aimiririra vashandi uye kunyangwe chimiro che "kulak" (izwi raishandiswa pejoratively kureva varimi vakapfuma) rakaburitswa zvakare rakapfeka cap uye nemaoko akayambuka pamusoro peguvhu rakakura.
Munguva yeUSSR, hurumende yaida kumisikidza Sovietism yekudyidzana mune matrioshkas uye nyika dzakasiyana dzakadai seBelarusian, Ukrainian, Russian, nezvimwe zvakamiririrwa pamadhora aya. Kunyangwe neiyo nhangemutange yemuchadenga, muunganidzwa muhombe wemadhora eastrononaut wakagadzirwawo neyavo sutu yekudonha uye space rocket.
Mushure mekupera kweUSSR, dingindira rematrioshkas rakasiyana-siyana uye vezvematongerwo enyika vane mukurumbira uye vakakurumbira vekunze kwenyika vakatanga kumiririrwa.
Kutora rwendo rwekuunganidza kunonakidza kuenzanisa echinyakare matrioshkas neazvino ano. pamwe nevechiJapan mifananidzo yedhio Fukuruma yakavakurudzira. Iyo miziyamu inoratidzawo mutsauko uripo pakati pematryoshka kubva kumatunhu akasiyana eRussia uye inopa ruzivo nezve hupenyu nemabasa evatungamiriri veRussia matryoshka mhizha nevapendi.
Mufananidzo | Pixabay
Ipa matrioshka
Kune maRussia zvine chirevo chakakura kupa matryoshka sechipo. Kana mumwe munhu akagamuchira chimwe cheizvi zvidhori sechipo, vanofanirwa kuvhura matrioshka yekutanga voita chishuwo. Kana zvangozadziswa, unogona kubva wavhura wechipiri mudhori woita chimwe chishuwo chitsva. Saka kusvika kusvikira wekupedzisira uye mudiki matryoshka asvika.
Kana ese matrioshkas avhurwa, chero munhu akagashira ichi chipo anofanirwa kuchipa kune chizvarwa sechiratidzo chekuti vari kubhururuka kubva mudendere. Pakutanga izvi zvakaitwa nevakadzi. Ivo chete ndivo vaitarisira dzimba uye vaigona kuita zvishuwo zvekupedzisira kuendesa matrioshka kuvana vavo.
Ndosaka kana mumwe munhu akakupa matrioshka, Izvo zvinotaurwa mutsika dzeRussia kuti ari kukupa iwe rudo rwake uye rudo nenzira yechinhu chekutambisa.
Kana, kune rimwe divi, iwe ndiwe uchizopa matryoshka sechipo, pamusoro pekuburitsa izvi, chinhu chakanakisa chaungaite kuudza mugashiri zvinoreva uye nhoroondo yechipo ikozvino zvaunoziva it. Nenzira iyi, anokoshesa chipo ichi zvakanyanya uye achaziva zvekuita neyekupedzisira uye diki matryoshka.