Russia ine zvakawanda zvakakosha zviyeuchidzo zvezvakaitika kare, Yakanangana zvese neyakaitika kumambo uye nevakuru vakuru uye neyakare yeSoviet. Izvo zvinokwezva zvekushanya mukati mavo, imwe neimwe yakabatana nechikamu chenhoroondo refu yenyika ino iyo inozivikanwa yekuve protagonist yenhoroondo yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Russia yeiyo tsars yakapa nzira kuUnited of Soviet Socialist Republics uye iye kuRussia Federation nyowani. Kana iwe uchida nhoroondo uye hunyanzvi, saka nhasi tinopa rwendo rwekuenda kune aya masayiti masisitimu nezvivakwa zviripo muRussia.
Zvakanakisa zvezvakaitika kare zveRussia
Russia inyika yakakura kwazvo saka kana zvasvika pakufunga nezve zvivakwa, zvivakwa kana zviyeuchidzo zvinonetsa kuita runyorwa, asi uchifunga nezve zvakanakisa, zvakakosha uye zvinonyanya kurova, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero kana chimwe, runyorwa rwakapfupiswa uye chinoshamisa kwazvo kumira kunze.
Ndakagara ndakarohwa neiyo soviet art uye mapurani. Hupenyu hwese, kubvira hudiki hwangu hwave muma '80s apo maSoviet ainetsekana zvikuru nekuratidza nyika simba ravo uye budiriro pamaoko ehukuru, hwakakura, asi kwete zvinhu zveumbozha senge izvo zvakaratidzwa nana capitalism.
Yekutanga nhoroondo yezvivakwa yandinodonhedza ndiyo Chiumbwa cheMotherland. Inomuka mukati Volgograd uye kunyange kureba kupfuura Chiumbwa cheRusunungukod kubva kuNew York. Haasi ega, iye ari chikamu cheboka rakavezwa rinonzi Mamayev Kurgan, iro inokudza avo vaidzivirira guta reStalingrad kubva kumauto eGerman panguva yehondo yenyika yechipiri. mabvazuva mifananidzo yemifananidzo Inotora mahekita gumi pamahombekombe erwizi rweVolga, paMamaev Hill.
Kunze kweMamaini kune Moto wekusingaperi uye iwo Murazvo weKubwinya. Chiumbwa chinotidana nhasi ndiyo inomiririra iyo Motherland kana kukunda. Kuvaka kwakatanga muna 1959 ndokuguma muna 1967, kuchidzorerwa kakati wandei kusvikira nhasi.
Ndeapi matanho ayo anoshamisa? Iva 85 metres kumusoro uye yakavakwa nematani mazana maviri nemazana mana esimbi uye 2.400 yekongiri. Iyo pfumo rinosimudza chifananidzo chakareba 5.500 metres uye rinorema matani gumi nemana. Pakutanga yaigadzirwa nesimbi isina chinhu uye titanium asi yaive panjodzi nemhepo saka muma 33s yakadzoserwa.
Kunyange chidhori chesamende chisiri chakakora, pasingapfuure gumi nemaviri inches, chifananidzo pachacho chinotsigirwa nemapfupa etambo dzemukati netambo. Iyo seti inopedzwa ne miziyamu inoratidza zvombo zvakasiyana zveSoviet kubva kuWWII uye nhoroondo yekukomba yeNazi yeStanlingrado. Ino nhasi saiti inozivikanwa kwazvo inogamuchira zviuru zvekushanyirwa gore rega rega.
Kuenderera mberi nezvivezwa zvihombe tine izvo zve Mushandi uye Mukadzi weKolkhoz. Iyo iri muMoscow, muiyo Exhibition Center yeguta, uye inotangira kubva mukupera kwema30. Iyo ingangoita 25 metres kumusoro uye yakagadzirwa nesimbi isina chinhu. Munyori waro mukadzi anonzi Vera Mújina uye anoteera manyorerwo e magariro. Kune mushandi ane sando yakasimudzwa uye mukadzi, mukadzi wekolkhoz kana murimi wepurazi rakabatana, nejeko. Sando nejeko, hapana kana chinhu kunze kweSoviet socialist.
Icho chivezwa chakagadzirwa kunyanya ku1937 Paris International Kuratidzwa uye yakazoshongedza mukova wenzvimbo yekuratidzira muMoscow kwenguva refu. Yakadzorerwa muna2003 ndokuiswa pachiratidziro zvakare muna 2009. Nhasi yave yakareba kudarika zvayaive muma30.
Zvakare muMoscow ndiyo iyo Monument kuna Karl Marx. Iri muminda midiki iri kumaodzanyemba kweTeatralnaya Ploschad uye yakawanikwa muna 1961. Icho chivharo chegrey granite uye pachigadziko chakanyorwa "Vashandi venyika vanobatana". Kumashure kune tsime. Asi, hongu, kana tikataura nezve guta guru reRussia hatigone kufuratira iyo Moscow Kremlin.
Iyo Moscow Kremlin ingangodaro chiri chimwe chezvivakwa zvakashanyirwa kwazvo muguta. Zviri seti yezvivakwa zvevanhu uye zvechitendero iyo iri pakati peguta uye yakazara pane mana machedhedral nedzimba ina dzeumambo, pamwe nemadziro. Iyi inzvimbo yekuziva, kushanya uye kuyemura. Pakati pezvivakwa nemuzinda wamambo pane zviyeuchidzo zvekutora mifananidzo Monument kune Tsar's Campaign uye Tsar Cannon.
Iyo Tsar Cannon inorema angangoita makumi mana matani uye zviyero 5.34 metres. Iyo ine caliber yemamirimita mazana masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe, pamwe iri caliber yakakura kwazvo pasirese. Zvinotaridza kuti haina kumbobvira yashandiswa, asi inotangira panguva yaTsar Fyodor U, mwanakomana waIvan IV. Ine zvimiro zvakanaka uye iri mukati memadziro eKremlin, padyo padyo nebhero hombe pasirese, Tsar Kolokol.
Yakakura, iyo bhero rakakura kwazvo pasirese, akatumwa naEmpress Anne weRussia, muzukuru waPeter Mukuru. Bhero raTsar inorema matani makumi maviri nemaviri uye ingori pamusoro pemamita makumi maviri pakureba. Yakagadzirwa nendarira uye misi kubva muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore gumi nemasere.
Kuenderera mberi neMoscow, mune yedu runyorwa rwezvakaitika zviyeuchidzo zveRussia ndiyo Lenin Mausoleum. Kuvakwa kwakaitwa mu1924, mushure mekufa kwaLenin, uye imomo mukati muviri wake wakafumurwa kuomesa. Iyo iri muRed Square uye mugadziri aive Aleksei Schúsev. Icho chidiki, chivakwa chegranite, uye kamwe chaivewo nemutumbi waStalin. Chagara chakavhurika, kunze kwekunge munguva dzehondo, uye nhasi zviri Chipiri, Chitatu, China nemugovera. Iwo chete makamera ndiwo maziso emushanyi se kutora mifananidzo kunorambidzwa.
Zvakare muRed Square mune iyo Monument kuna Minin uye Pozharski, chifananidzo chendarira pamberi peSaint Basil's Cathedral. Rangarira kuti Muchinda Dmitry Pozharsky nemushambadzi Minin vakaunganidza sei mauto ekuzvipira kudzinga mauto akabatana kubva kuPoland neLithuania mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Chakanga chiri chiyeuchidzo chekutanga munyika.
Chimwe chivako muMoscow chiri muPushkin Square, nzvimbo iyo yakatanga kuvhurwa bazi reMcDonal'ds muRussia. Iyo Pushkin Monument Kubva muna 1880 uye Fyodor Dostoyevsky pachake akabatsira kuunganidza mari yekuvakwa kwayo. Yakagadzirwa nendarira uye chigadziko chakagadzirwa nered granite. Pushkin aive mutambi wemitambo weRussia, aifunga se muvambi wemazuvano mabhuku eRussia.
Kana tikasiya kuMoscow kumashure uye toenda kune yakanaka St. Petersburg isu tichawana iyo Bronze Knight, chaicho chivezwa chechivharo chinorangarira mudiwa weguta rino, iyo tsar Peter mukuru. Icho chifananidzo chendarira uye nhasi chiratidzo cheguta. Chiumbwa chakamira pabwe, ibwe reKutinhira, rinonzi ndiro dombo hombe rakambofambiswa nemunhu. Iyo hombe uye vakauya nayo kubva kuGulf yeFinland.
Chiumbwa yakarairwa naCatalina la Grande, wechiGerman nekuzvarwa asi uyo aida kuzvisimbisa semutongi weRussia. Kuvakwa kwaro kwakatanga muna 1775 uye kwakatora makore gumi nemaviri. Nhoroondo yacho inoti chero bedzi Knight weBornce asingasuduruke kubva panzvimbo yake hapana muvengi achatora guta.
Parizvino zvimwe zve akatanhamara enhoroondo emamaki eRussiaMamwe emamambo mavambo, mamwe eSoviet mavambo. Kutendeka kuratidzwa kwenhoroondo yenyika.