Amsterdam Ekuqaleni yayingabantu abangamaKatolika ngaphandle kokuchasa amaProtestanti. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX Uhlengahlengiso lweCawa ka-Calvinist Orthodox. I-Agnosticism kunye nokungakholelwa kuThixo, nangona kunjalo, kulawula eAmsterdam.
Ukunyamezelana ngokwenkolo kulisiko Amsterdam. Ukusukela ngeMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, amaza okufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngokulandelelana angenise iinkolo ezahlukeneyo kwesi sixeko. Abafuduki abavela kwiikholoni zangaphambili (i-Indonesia, iSuriname kunye neCaribbean) kunye nabasebenzi abavela ETurkey y Morocco banegalelo kwiinkolelo zabo. I-Islam ngoku yinkolo yesibini kwi Amsterdam.
Ukusuka upende iflamenco Ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-1390, uJan Van Eyck (1441-1450) Hieronymus Bosch (1516-1525), Peter Bruegel Omdala (1569-1606). IGolden Age yomzobo waseDatshi, nangona kunjalo, ilele ngenkulungwane ye-1669 kunye noRembrandt (1632-1675), uVermeer (XNUMX-XNUMX) no IsiFrentshi Iimpawu (1585-1666). Ngokungafaniyo nabo bangaphambili, akukho namnye kwaba bathathu owenza uhambo olunyanzelekileyo lokuya e-Italiya ukuya kufunda ootitshala. Kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, nangona kunjalo, abazobi bakopa ngokulula isimbo sesiFrentshi.
Oyena mzobi mkhulu wekhulu le-XNUMX waba UVincent van Gogh (1853-1890), owapeyinta ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eArles, imizobo enemibala eqaqambileyo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, Ngena Mondrian (1872-1944) wavelisa isitayile sakhe ngokunciphisa ifom kunye nombala kwinto elula. Emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, Karel Tsalela umnxeba (I-1921-2006) ithatha inxaxheba kwimibutho evukela kwimibutho yobugcisa: ukubonakaliswa okungabonakaliyo.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iinkokeli zecawe zazingumntu ongqongqo kwaye zazibona umculo njengokungakhathali okupheleleyo. Kwakudingeka ukulinda inkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe ilungu kuyonyamezelwa ecaweni. Ke ngoko, Amsterdam Uye wenza igalelo elincinci kwilifa lomculo lehlabathi, esenza ukuba amandla omculo wakhe abonakale ngoku.
Isixeko sinezityebi isithethe yeqonga ukuthandana emva kwexesha eliphakathi, kwaye namhlanje isenamandla amakhulu.