Zine yayizizikhulu Imidlalo yePanhellenic Kwezakudala: iMidlalo yeOlimpiki edumileyo, leyo yeNemea eArgos, iIsthmian eKorinte kunye Imidlalo yePythic eyenzekileyo kwi Ingcwele ka-Apollo eDelphi. Siza kuthetha ngokugqibela kwisithuba sethu namhlanje.
Idolophu yaseDelphi ikummandla waseGrisi IPhocis, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-150 entshona ye Atenas. Phantse amawaka amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo, apho kwakukho indawo eyedwa neyasendle, kwakhiwa ingcwele apho ukuhlonela uthixo uApollo owaye enye yezona ndlebe zaziwayo eGrisi yamandulo.
Kwafika iqela lababingeleli iipythias Babephethe ukugcina uluvo kunye nokutyhilela iindwendwe uyilo loothixo (igama elithi "umvumisi" livela kubo). I-Pythias yabizwa ngegama lokukhumbula i-monster Piton, inyoka enkulu eyayihlala kuloo ndawo ngewayebulewe ngulo thixo.
Ukuthandwa kwale ndawo kwafika kwincopho yayo ukusuka ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC Abahambi abavela kulo lonke elaseHellas bathontelana apho ukuya kunikela ngeminikelo yabo ku-Apollo kunye nokumamela izityhilelo zikaThixo. Ngenxa yoku kuhamba okuqhubekayo kweendwendwe, iitempile, amatye ezikhumbuzo kunye nezinye izakhiwo zamiswa.
Amanxuwa eTempile ka-Apollo eDelphi
Ukongeza, eDelphi kwakukho indawo yokomfuziselo eyaziwa njenge I-Omphalos"Iziko lehlabathi" athe uZeus wayichaza ngelitye elikhulu.
Ukubhiyozela iMidlalo yePythian
Ngo-590 BC iMidlalo yesiqhelo yabanjwa okokuqala, eyayiza kuba ne- Amaxesha eminyaka esibhozo (Ngokungafaniyo neeOlimpiki, ezazibanjwa zine). Abo babephethe lo mbutho babizwa njengababingeleli izilwanyana zasemanzini, bevela kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zamaGrike.
Imbali ithi imidlalo yasungulwa ngu-Apollo ngokwakhe emva nje kokuba ebulele uPython. Intsomi ichaza indlela uthixo awuthabathe ngayo uDelphi ene-laurel wreath entlokweni yakhe. Ngesi sizathu, abaphumeleleyo beMidlalo yePythian banikwa imbasa kunye isithsaba somdiliya, ichibi elathi kamva lalingiswa kweminye imibhiyozo kunye nokhuphiswano lwesiko.
Isivumelwano esingcwele
Njengakwimeko yeMidlalo yeOlimpiki, ngexesha leenyanga phambi kokuqala kweMidlalo yePythic Abavakalisi kubizwe iingcinga batyelela neGrisi bachaza umhla eyayiqala ngawo.
Injongo yaba bathunywa kukuba eli khwelo liya kufikelela kuyo yonke indawo. Isixeko esivumile ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo kufuneka siyeke kwangoko nayiphi na imfazwe kwaye singenise umnxeba "Ingqungquthela engcwele." Izixeko ezingavumiyo ukwenjenjalo azifakwanga, nto leyo eyilahleko ebalulekileyo kudumo.
Imisitho
Iintsuku zokuqala zeMidlalo yePythian zazimiselwe ukuba imibhiyozo engcwele yokuhlonipha uApollo. Kwakukho ezinkulu amadini (iihecatombs), iindwendwe y izidlo.
IDelphi Theatre
Kwakukho nomdlalo weqonga apho kwakukhunjulwa khona umlo wothixo ngokuchasene nenyoka eyoyikekayo yePython. Ukusingatha lo mboniso odumileyo IDelphi Theatre, enye ye Iithiyetha zamaGrike igcinwe ngcono.
Imibongo kunye nemincintiswano yomculo
Emva kweminyhadala yokuvula, iMidlalo yePythian yaqala ngothotho lwe ukhuphiswano lomculo apho abathathi-nxaxheba babonisa izixhobo zabo zokudlala ezinje nge-zither. Nge tempo, imidlalo yeqonga, ikwayara kunye nemincintiswano yomdaniso zongezwa. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwabakho ukhuphiswano lwemibongo.
Ukhuphiswano lwezemidlalo
Emva kweentsuku ezinikezelwe kubugcisa, ukhuphiswano lwezemidlalo lwaqala. Obona bungqina bubalaseleyo yayiyi Umdyarho webala (malunga neemitha ezili-178), ze isigaba kabini, la ugqatso olude kwamabala emidlalo angama-24 kunye ugqatso lweengalo, apho iimbaleki zazikhuphisana zixhobe ngehoplitic panoply; Ukhuphiswano lwabanjwa ukutsiba okude, idiski kunye nokuphosa umkhonto, Kunye neemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokulwa ezinje nge ukuntywila. Kwakukho iindidi ezintathu ngokobudala babakhuphiswano.
Imihla yokugqibela yeMidlalo yePythian yayigcinelwe ukhuphiswano lwamahashe. Kwakukho iindidi ezimbini: imidyarho yehashe ngamahashe amabini (imiqadi) namahashe amane (iinqwelo zokulwa). Olu khuphiswano lwalubanjelwe eUmdyarho weembaleki kwidolophu ekufuphi yaseCirra, kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka eDelphi. Nangona kunjalo, engcweleni umfanekiso oqingqiweyo odumileyo we Isithuthi sikaDelphi, namhlanje igcinwe kwimyuziyam yesixeko. Lo mzobo wobhedu ubonisiwe Amapolisa aseGelaUzwilakhe waseGrisi uSicily owazibhengeza njengophumeleleyo kwimidlalo izihlandlo ezininzi.
Ukuphela kweMidlalo yePythian
Ukuthandwa kweMidlalo yePythian kwaqhubeka nasemva koloyiso lwamaRoma eGrisi, nangona baqala kancinci ixesha lokuhla. I-oracle yaqhubeka nokufumana iindwendwe kwaye imidlalo yaqhubeka ibanjelwe, kodwa ukuthandwa kwayo kunye nodumo zancipha ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ubutyebi obubekwe kwiitempile zaseDelphi baphangwa ngenkulungwane yesithathu ye-AD ngamaGoth kunye noHeruli. Ekugqibeleni, imidlalo yayeka ukubhiyozelwa kwinkulungwane elandelayo.