Igqala lika «Umxhasi weAthene»

Ilivo lomxhasi waseAthene, njengezinye izinto ezininzi kweso sixeko, inemvelaphi yayo Iintsomi zamaGrike. Ngokukodwa, inxulumene nefayile ye- oothixo abaninzi Yayiyinkolo yabo kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ayedlala kunabantu ngokwabo.

Kodwa babenazo nezinye iimvakalelo zabantu ngokulinganayo ezinje ngomona, umona, umlo phakathi kwabo wokuthandwa Zeus nkqu nentabatheko yabo bahlala umhlaba. Kukho into enako konke oku kwilivo lomxhasi waseAthene. Ukuba ufuna ukuyazi, siyakukhuthaza ukuba uqhubeke nokufunda.

Abalinganiswa abaphambili belivo lomxhasi waseAthene

Kodwa, ngaphambi kokuba ndikuxelele ilivo, siza kukuxelela ngokufutshane malunga nabalinganiswa bayo abaphambili ukuze uzibeke kwimeko. Akukho mfuneko yakukucacisela nantoni na Zeus, oyena thixo ubalulekileyo I-olympus yesiGrike. Kwaye noyise uninzi lwabo njengoArtemis, uHermes, uDionysus okanye uAres, kunye ne-protagonist yethu elandelayo.

Eneneni, Athena Wayeyintombi kaZeyus, owazalwa ebunzini lakhe emva kokuba uthixo eginye unina. Yindlela ezinje ngayo iinkolelo iGrisi yakudala. Wayebambe isikhundla se Isithixokazi semfazwe nesicwangciso sokulwa ukuba yenye yezona zithixo zibalulekileyo nezidlulayo zeOlimpiki yamaGrike. Ngapha koko, yayihlonitshwa ngabantu abaninzi, nkqu nabangengawo amaGrike, kwaye yadluliselwa kwiintsomi zamaRoma phantsi kwegama MinervaNangona uLatinos wayenguthixokazi wobulumko kunye nobugcisa, engasekho emfazweni.

Kwelinye icala, eyoyikekayo PoseidonUThixo wezilwandle kodwa kunye neenyikima zomhlaba ezinkulu, oko kukuthi, umdali weenyikima. Ukwenza oku, konke awayenokwenza yayikukwahlulahlula i-trident yakhe emhlabeni.

Ukwangomnye wabona thixo baziwayo kuba ubonakala kwi 'Odyssey' kaHomer. Nguye lowo uthintele uTshawe Ulysses buyela kwi Ithaca yemveli. Kwaye uthixo wolwandle wayelithiyile iqhawe laseIonic okoko wamfamekisa ii-cyclops Ipolyphemus, unyana wakhe.

Okokugqibela, umlinganiswa ophambili wesine webali lethu ngumlinganiswa ogama lingu I-Crecope okanye i-Erechtheum, Ngubani owayengukumkani wokuqala wesixeko saseAthene ukuba siza kuthathela ingqalelo ababhali bembali abafana noHerodotus okanye uPausanias.

Nangona kunjalo, ungacingi ukuba ngenxa yoku wayenomhlaba ngakumbi kuneenkwenkwezi zakhe. Wazalwa ngqo ukusuka Ewe. Kodwa hayi isithixokazi, kodwa emhlabeni ngokwawo owamenza waba yenye ye "Ngokuzenzekelayo". Kwiintsomi zamaGrike abo bantu bazalwe ngokuthe ngqo ngale ndlela, oko kukuthi, ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni, bafumana eli gama. Kukwathethwa ngaye ukuba ezantsi indawo yomzimba wakhe yayingu a inyoka.

Njengoko ubona, amaGrike amandulo ayengasweleki kwintelekelelo. Inyani yile yokuba sele sinabalinganiswa bethu abagqibeleleyo kwaye ngoku singaqhubeka ukukuxelela malunga nelivo lomgcini wesanta waseAthene.

Umxholo welivo lomxhasi waseAthene

I-Athene ikholelwa ukuba yayihlala abantu ukusukela ngeNeolithic. Nangona kunjalo, njengeRoma kunye nezinye izixeko zakudala, imvelaphi ye-Greek polis inembali kunye nembali yemibongo enxulumene neentsomi: ilivo lomxhasi waseAthene.

Le akhawunti yokuba isixeko esisandula ukwenziwa samaGrike sasingenagama kwaye sasifuna a umkhuseli uthixo. Ngoko I-Crecope, esele sikuxelele, wayeyikumkani yabo kwaye wafuna ukuba abemi baseOlimpus babonise ubungqina babo. Ophumeleleyo uya kuba ngoyena unesona sipho sibalaseleyo esixekweni.

Emva kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, bahlala kuphela njengabafaki-zicelo Athena y Poseidon. Ekubeni kwakungekho ndlela yokufikelela kwisivumelwano, wangenelela Zeus, owagweba ukuba unyulo lwenziwe ngevoti yabantu baseAthene. Ukuyiphumelela, uthixo weelwandle wanyusa umhlaba wesixeko kunye ne-trident yakhe kunye namanzi aqala ukuhamba, into exatyiswa kakhulu ngabemi base-Athene. Nangona kunjalo, yayinetyiwa kwaye yaphela yonakalisa izityalo.

Wangenelela ke Athena, othabathe amanzi anetyuwa, kwaye, njengothixokazi olungileyo wezolimo, wavelisa umthi womnquma. Ukubona ukuba ubanikile iinkuni kunye nokutya, abemi (okanye, mhlawumbi, uKing Crecope) bathathe isigqibo sokuguqula lo thixokazi Ingcwele yomgcini weAthene, abathiywa ngegama lakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, ibali lethu alipheli apho. Poseidon, owayesoloko enedumela lokuba nobuntu kunye nokuziphindezela, akazange azamkele iindaba zokutshatyalaliswa kwakhe. Ngapha koko, wavutha ngumsindo kwaye wakhulula amaza olwandle eyatshona imihlaba esezantsi yeAthene. Kuphela ezona ziphakamileyo neziphezulu kakhulu ezasalayo elwandle, kuba uthixo wazithatha zingenamveliso.

Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni isixeko saseGrisi sikhule kumhlaba ojikelezwe ziintaba. Kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, abantu baseAthene bakhetha uthixokazi wezolimo njengomxhasi wabo.

Umahluko, ibali kunye neentsomi ezimbini zongezwa

Le ntsomi intle inokwahluka kunye nebali eliyigqibezayo. Eyokuqala ithi uPoseidon wanika iAthene hayi amanzi, kodwa ihashe, isilwanyana esasingaziwa ngabemi baso ngelo xesha. Siyakukhumbuza ukuba obu thixo yayikwanguthixo weequines.

Ngokumalunga nebali, ithi bonke abantu basetyhini bavotele uAthena nawo onke amadoda uPoseidon. Uphumelele eyokuqala ngevoti enye. Kodwa xa uthixo weelwandle wakhupha ingxwabangxwaba e-Athene, amadoda atyhola abafazi ngayo kwaye, ukusukela ngoko, bayakwalela ukuvota ukuseka intsebenziswano ubukhulu oosolusapho.

Kwelinye icala, u-Athena uqhubekile ukuba ngumphathi wesixeko sase-Hellenic unanamhla. Kodwa, kungekudala emva kokukhethwa enjalo, wabonakala kwenye amabali amabini adumileyo Kubaluleke kakhulu eAthene ukuba asinakuxhathisa ukukuxelela.

Eyokuqala inento yokwenza nayo idabi lemarathon. Ngelixa kwakusakhula, isithixokazi sasixakekile sinceda ukufuduswa kwamazwe ase-Athene. Ke ngoko, wayenxibe ilitye elikhulu entanyeni. Xa iindaba zoloyiso ngokuchasene namaPersi zifikileyo esixekweni, yamothusa uAthena, owayelindele ukoyiswa, kangangokuba ilitye elikhulu elalikhokelele intaba yeLykabeto, kwelona liphezulu eAthene.

Malunga neyesibini ithi, xa inkosi yasePersi Xerxes I, unyana kaDariyo (ongoyiswanga kwi-Battle of Marathon), wasitshabalalisa isixeko samaGrike kwi Imfazwe yesibini yezoNyango, watshisa nomnquma odumileyo ka-Athena. Kodwa ngommangaliso izityalo ezitsha zahluma kwakhona ekugqibeleni kwahlawulwa.

Ukuqukumbela, eli bali liligugu le patheni Atenas. Njengazo zonke iintsomi, Intle kakhulu nangona, ngokusengqiqweni, iswele ubungqina. Ngaba ulithandile ibali lethu? Sukuba nexhala, kumanqaku amatsha siza kukuxelela abanye.