Inkcubeko yeOlmec

Iiolmecas babengabokuqala impucuko ephuhlileyo Mekhsikho ngamaxesha abemi. Su isiko yachuma kumazwe ase Tabasco y Veracruz malunga ne-1200 BC kwaye yahlala de kwaba yi-600 BC

Etymologically, igama elithi "Olmec" lithetha "abahlali bendawo ye-olmnan", Oko kukuthi," abemi belizwe leerubha. " Eli gama laqulunqwa ukuba lichonge uthotho lwe Inani labemi igcwele indawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiOlmec.

Le dolophu ikhethe njengekhaya imimandla enamgxobhozo kunye nehlathi lezitya zemilambo eziphambili eziphakathi kweVeracruz kunye neTabasco, engena kwiGulf of Mexico, iseka elinye lamakomkhulu ayo amakhulu, iLa Venta, kufutshane ne UMlambo iTonalá, Isixeko esibe nobukhazikhazi baso ngexesha lesigaba sokugqibela sale nkcubeko.

Le mimandla okwangoku yenziwe njengemihlaba efumileyo nenentabalala ye zendalo njengeoyile. Ngawo loo maxesha (1200 - 600 BC) indawo yayihlala indawo enentyatyambo eninzi eyenza umhlaba watyeba kwihumus nemifuno, ngenxa yoko yanda izilimo zazo zonke iintlobo, ukubonelela ukutya ivolumu enkulu yabantu.

La qoqosho Ii-Olmecs zazisekwe kwiimveliso zezolimo, ababethengisa ngazo, bobabini phakathi kwabo kunye nezinye pueblos Abamelwane (ngakumbi oonothwal 'impahlana okanye imimandla ekude ngokweendawo ezifana neCentral Mexico okanye iGuatemala).

Babengabona bakroli badala eMesoamerica (Mexico). Abakhange basebenze ngamatye e-volcano kuphela kwizikhumbuzo zabo, kodwa nakwilitye elilukhuni, elidityanisiweyo nelinqabileyo.

Babenayo inkolo yezithixo egxile kunqulo lwakhe lokunqula i Jaguar, ebonakala kuyo yonke imifanekiso yayo. Ngaphandle kwalonto, babe jonga njengoothixo izilwanyana ezininzi ezinje nge alligator okanye oonothwala, benxulumana nabalawuli babo noothixo, ababekholelwa ukuba behla kubo bazuze amandla abo njengelifa.

Ezinye zeephiramidi zokuqala eMelika zibangelwa zii-Olmecs, ezazisetyenziswa njengeziko lesiko okanye iintlanganiso zezopolitiko zabemi.