Inkamela, eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuhamba

Ukusukela kumaxesha akudala kakhulu, mhlawumbi malunga neminyaka engama-3.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo, abantu bebesebenzisa indlela ye- ikamela njengendlela efanelekileyo yokuhamba kwimimandla ethile yehlabathi.

Ezi zilwanyana zinamanqwanqwa zidume ngokudiphozitha amanqatha (humps) ezaziphuma ngasemva kwayo, zazifuywe ngabantu iminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo. Zikhona, kwaye zisenjalo, zingumthombo wokutya (ubisi nenyama), ngelixa ulusu lwazo belusetyenziselwa ukwenza iimpahla. Kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, ukusetyenziswa kwayo okubaluleke kakhulu njengendlela yokuhamba. Yonke imibulelo ku i-anatomy yazo ekhethekileyo, elungiselelwe ngokukodwa iindawo ezihlala abantu entlango.

Zingaphi iintlobo zeenkamela ezikhoyo?

Nangona kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke iinkamela emhlabeni azifani, kwaye azisetyenziswa njengendlela yokuhamba. Zikho ehlabathini iintlobo ezintathu iinkamela:

• Inkamela yeBactrian (ICamelus bactrianus), ohlala kuMbindi weAsia. Inkulu kwaye inzima kunezinye iintlobo. Ine-hump ephindiweyo kwaye ulusu lwayo lunoboya.
• Inkamela yasendle yebactrian (ICamelus ferus), kananjalo nee-humps ezimbini. Ihlala ngokukhululeka kumathafa asentlango aseMongolia nakwiindawo ezithile zangaphakathi eChina.
• Inkamela yaseArabhiya o Idrama (UCamelus dromedarius), Olona hlobo luthandwayo noluninzi, olunabemi beli abazizigidi ezili-12. Inomzimba omnye. Ifumaneka kuwo wonke ummandla weSahara nakuMbindi Mpuma. Kuye kwaziswa kamva e-Australia.

Inkamela inokufikelela kwisantya ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-40 ngeyure kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana namaxesha amade ngaphandle kokufaka ithontsi elinye lamanzi. Umzekelo wedrama yedrama unokuhlala ngokulula ngokusela kube kanye kwiintsuku ezili-10. Ukuxhathisa kobushushu kuyamangalisa: inokuphila kwiindawo ezishushu ezishushu nasemva kokuphulukana ne-30% yomzimba wayo.

Kwenzeka njani ukuba ezi zilwanyana zikwazi ukuhlala namanzi amancinci kangaka? Imfihlo ikwi igrisi eziqokelelwa kwii-humps zazo Xa umzimba wenkamela ufuna ukucocwa, izihlunu ezinamanqatha kwezi dipozithi zenziwe umzimba, zikhuphe amanzi. Kwelinye icala, izintso kunye namathumbu akho anomthamo omkhulu wokubuyisela ulwelo kwakhona.

Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba inkamela inokuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi. Xa ilixesha lokusela, inkamela endala eyi-600 kg ingasela ukuya kuthi ga kwiilitha ezingama-200 kwimizuzu nje emithathu.

"Inqanawa yasentlango"

Oku kuxhathisa kunxano kunye nobushushu, ekungafumanekiyo kwizilwanyana ezininzi, kusithwese esi silwanyana njenge umhlobo osenyongweni womntu ukuba aphile entlango.

Kangangeenkulungwane, iikharaveni Abarhwebi babesebenzisa iinkamela xa benqumla imimandla emikhulu entlango. Enkosi kuye, kwaba nakho ukuseka iindlela kunye nezorhwebo kunye neenkcubeko zonxibelelwano ezazingazukwenzeka ngenye indlela. Ngale ndlela, kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba inkamela yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso loluntu oluninzi eAsia nakuMntla Afrika.

Ukuba le ntlango ibilulwandle olunentlabathi, inkamela ibikuphela kwendlela yokuhamba kuyo kunye nesiqinisekiso sokufikelela kwizibuko elikhuselekileyo. Ngesi sizathu iyaziwa njenge "Inqanawa yasentlango".

Nanamhlanje, xa zonke iinqwelo-mafutha kunye ne-GPS ziphumelele ukuyitshintsha njengendlela yokuhamba, inkamela isasetyenziswa zizizwe ezininzi zaseBedouin. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukumbona kumazwe athile kwindima yakhe entsha njenge utsalo lwezotyelelo kunokuba njengesithuthi.

Kuqhelekile ukuba, kuhambo lwabo lokuya kwiindawo ezinje ngeMorocco, iTunisia, i-Egypt okanye i-United Arab Emirates, abakhenkethi baqesha iinkamela ezityhutyha entlango. Ngabo (uhlala esezandleni zabakhokeli abanamava), abahambi abakhangela iimvakalelo bangena kwiindawo ezingenanto nezingonwabisiyo, kamva belele ezintenteni phantsi kwesibhakabhaka esigcwele iinkangala entlango. Inkamela, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, luphawu lwexesha elide ulibalekile lokuhamba kunye notyelelo oluyimfihlakalo.

Inkamela njengesixhobo semfazwe

Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kwayo njengesixhobo sokuhambisa, inkamela isetyenzisiwe kwimbali yonke njenge Isixhobo semfazwe. Sele kuDala AmaPersi amaAchaemenid Bafumene umgangatho wezi zilwanyana owawuluncedo kakhulu kwimfazwe yabo: ukukwazi kwakhe ukoyikisa amahashe.

Ke, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwamajoni akhwele ezinkameleni kwiimfazwe ezininzi kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo, iyeza eligqibeleleyo lokuphelisa umkhosi wamahashe otshaba. Amaxwebhu amaninzi amandulo angqina ngendima yeenkamela ekoyiseni ubukumkani bukaLidiya ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC.

Iikamela kunye needrama zeedrama ziyinxalenye yomkhosi olwe e EMntla Afrika nakuMbindi Mpuma ukusuka ngaphambi kwamaxesha amaRoma kude kube kumaxesha akutshanje. Nditsho nomkhosi we EUnited States yenziwe kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX iyunithi ekhethekileyo yeenkamela awayeyithumela kwilizwe laseCalifornia.