Ngaba uyazi ukuba in Canada kukho malunga nama-300 amawaka abomthonyama abaphilayo abathetha iilwimi ezingama-58 okanye iilwimi ezizezamaqela alishumi eelwimi ezahlukileyo? Kunzima ukuthetha ngayo Ubugcisa baseCanada kunye nezithethe Njengento ekhonkrithi. Ukwahluka ngokobuhlanga kweli lizwe kukhulu kakhulu, kwaye oku kubonakala kubutyebi obuninzi kunye nokwahluka kwezithethe zobugcisa kunye neenkcazo.
La mazwe anamahlathi angenasiphelo, amachibi amakhulu kunye neentlango zearctic, zinika umhambi ithuba lokufumanisa ezi nkcubeko ngaphambi kokufika kwamakoloniyali aseYurophu. Kwaye ufumane iinkumbulo zokwenyani zohambo lwakho oluya eCanada.
Abantu Bomthonyama baseKhanada
Abantu kunye namaqela ezizwe awayehlala kummandla waseCanada ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu baseYurophu ayaziwa njenge Iintlanga zokuqala (Iintlanga zokuqala). Liqela elinemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo apho abantu bengafakwanga kubandakanywa. Ukungangeni y UMétis.
Ubugcisa bemveli bemveli buzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi: umsebenzi wesikhumba, izixhobo zokuzingela, ukrolo lomthi, imizobo kunye namaso… Amagcisa omthonyama anamhlanje kunye namagcisa aqhubekeka esenza izinto ezifanayo, ngokunyaniseka elandela ilifa lemveli yookhokho babo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha bezisa into engaqhelekanga.
Eyona nto idumileyo kunye nexabisekileyo kakhulu yobugcisa bemveli baseCanada ijikeleze kwimizobo yeenkuni. Izinto zemveli ze Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian kunye neKwakiutl izizwe, kwiphondo laseBritish Columbia. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuhombisa kwiimpahla uthathelwa ingqalelo umgangatho kunye nokuqala kwawo.
Kukwanjalo ke nangoku iimaski umsitho. Ezi zinto zazisetyenziswa ngexesha labo kwizithethe zookhokho zabemi bamandulo bala mazwe. Namhlanje zibonisiwe kwiimyuziyam nakumaziko obugcisa, okanye (kwimeko yezantsi) zithengiswa kwiivenkile zokukhumbula.
Iitotems
Nangona kunjalo, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ngaphakathi kwezobugcisa kunye nezithethe zaseCanada zezi Iitotems, Izinto zokomfuziselo ezazine (kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu) kwiminyhadala yenkolo uninzi lwaba bantu.
Ngokusisiseko, i-totem sisiqu esikhulu somthi (ngesiqhelo umsedare) okanye ipali yomthi enokufikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-20 okanye ezingama-30. Kuyo imifanekiso yezithixo kunye nezilwanyana ezingcwele ezikhusela usapho zimelwe. Imvelaphi yayo isusela kumaxesha amandulo kwaye inxulunyaniswa neentsomi kunye neentsomi zedolophu nganye.
Ezona ntetho zixhaphakileyo zetotem yaseKhanada lukhozi, ukhetshe, ibhere, ingcuka, umnenga, isele, inyosi kunye nentaka yeendudumo, ngokwesiko, yinto eyaba yindoda yazala umntwana. . Le yokugqibela, inyukela ezulwini, ilawula iindudumo nemibane.
Akunqabile ukufumana i-totem eyodwa yodwa, njengoko isithethe sinyanzelisa ukuba zakhiwe ukwenza amaqela ecaleni kwemilambo kunye namachibi, okanye ekucoceni kwamahlathi, uhlala umgama omfutshane ukusuka kwi-nuclei ehlala abantu. Namhlanje, ngaphandle kweemyuziyam kunye needolophu zabakhenkethi, zimbalwa kakhulu iitotems ezichanekileyo ezishiyekileyo zimile.
Ezinye zeendawo ezilungileyo zokubona iipali zeetotem kwaye ufunde ngakumbi ngobugcisa bemveli baseCanada zinje UDunkan Aka, ebizwa «isixeko totems», the ICapilano Bridge, kwisiqithi U-Queen Charlotte (kwaziwa njenge Haida gwai) kwaye i IYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia, apho kugcinwa khona iisampulu ezintle.
Ubugcisa baseKhanada kunye neNkcubeko: i-Inuit
Ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa, Ukungangeni (I-Eskimos enamagama) yenza isiqendu esahlukileyo phakathi kwabantu bomthonyama baseCanada.
Amagqabantshintshi obugcisa bakhe ayintsusa njengoko engenakuphikiswa. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, imikrolo, imizobo kunye nemizobo egcinwe kule dolophu ibonisa umhlaba we-Inuit: umbono wabo wehlabathi kunye nokomoya kwabo. Ihlabathi lezilwanyana, ukuzingela kunye nendalo yimixholo ephambili kuyo yonke indalo yakhe.
Nawuphi na umhambi onomdla kobu bugcisa akufuneki aphoswe kukundwendwela Imyuziyam yobuGcisa yase-Inuit (Imyuziyam yobugcisa be-Inuit- MIA) en Toronto. Uninzi lwezinto zobugcisa zibonisiwe apho, ukusukela kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo elityeni, uphondo, iimpondo zendlovu kunye nethambo ukuya kwimikrolo, iitayipi kunye nezinto zeceramic.
Kukho ezinye iimyuziyam kwilizwe ezibonisa imisebenzi ye-Inuit yobugcisa kunye nendalo. Eyona ibalulekileyo yile Ingqokelela yobugcisa bukaMcMichael waseCanada, la Igalari yobuGcisa yaseOntario kunye Imyuziyam yaseRoyal Ontario, ezibonisa iziqwenga zamandulo kunye nokudalwa ngamagcisa anamhlanje afana UAnnie Pootoogook, uKaroo Ashevak o UDavid Piqtoukun, ukuqhubeka kwezobugcisa zakudala zale dolophu.
Ewe, iCanada lilizwe elingaphuhlanga kakuhle, kwaye kwanele nokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwizakhono ezahlukeneyo.
Ndiyamthanda nam, kufuneka siqhakamshelane nathi ukuze simthimbe simbambe