Ngaphambi kweMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, umhlaba wothuswa kukungqubana phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu aseYurophu ngelo xesha. Eyona ngxaki yayikwisixeko sase Tangier, apho kuthiwa yimbali yanamhlanje Ingxaki yokuqala yaseMorocco, phakathi kowe-1905 nowe-1906.
Ukuqonda yonke into eyenzekileyo phakathi kuka-Matshi 1905 kunye noMeyi 1906 ejikeleze isixeko saseTangier, kuyafuneka ukuba wazi ukuba yintoni imeko yezopolitiko yexesha. E-Yurophu, nangolwandiso kwilizwe lonke, kwabakho uxinzelelo lwamazwe-jikelele phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu. Bayibiza ngokuba yi Uxolo oluxhobileyo. Indawo egqibeleleyo yokuzalela imfazwe enkulu eya kwenzeka kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi kamva.
Ngaloo minyaka UK kunye neFransi wenze umanyano olwaziwayo ngegama lika Ukungena eCordiale. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle wala mazwe ubusekwe ekuzameni ukwahlulahlula Alemania yamanqanaba empembelelo amazwe, ngakumbi eAsia naseAfrika.
Ngaphakathi kulo mdlalo, ngoJanuwari ka-1905 iFrance yayiphumelele ukunyanzelisa ifuthe layo sultan waseMorocco. Oku kwawaxhalabisa kakhulu amaJamani, awayejonga ngokunenkxalabo ukuba abo bachasene nabo bazilawula njani zombini iindlela kwiMeditera. Ke i Ingqonyela uVon Bülow Wagqiba ekubeni angenelele, akhuthaze uSultan ukuba amelane noxinzelelo lwamaFrentshi kwaye amqinisekise ngenkxaso yeReich Second.
UKaiser undwendwela iTangier
Kukho umhla wokusetha ukuqala kweNkqubela yokuqala yaseMorocco: Matshi 31, 1905, nini UKaiser Wilhelm II undwendwele uTangier engalindelanga. AmaJamani aqinisa iinqanawa zawo ezinamandla zisuka ezibukweni, zenza umboniso wamandla. Imithombo yeendaba yaseFrance ibhengeze ngokungqongqo ukuba esi yayisisenzo sokuxhokonxa.
UKaiser Wilhelm II
Ejongene nokukhula kwe-malaise yaseFransi kunye nabadibaniselwano bayo, amaJamani acebisa ukuba kubanjwe inkomfa yamazwe ngamazwe ukufuna isivumelwano ngeMorocco kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, nakwezinye iindawo zaseMntla Afrika. I-Bhritane iyikhabe ngaw 'omane le ngcamango, kodwa i-France, ngokusebenzisa abaphathiswa bamanye amazwe UTéophile Delcassé, kuvunyelwene ukuba bawuxubushe lo mbandela. Nangona kunjalo, uthethathethwano lwachithwa xa iJamani yabeka ngokucacileyo inkululeko ye-Moroccan.
Umhla wenkomfa wawumiselwe uMeyi 28, 1905, kodwa akukho nalinye kula magunya abiziweyo awaphendulayo. Ukongeza, amaBritane nabantu baseMelika bagqiba kwelokuba bathumele iinqanawa zabo zemfazwe eTangier. Uxinzelelo lwanda.
Umphathiswa omtsha waseFrance wezangaphandle, UMaurice Rouvier, emva koko waphakamisa ithuba lokuthetha-thethana namaJamani ukunqanda imfazwe engaphaya. Omabini la mazwe aye abuqinisa ubukho bawo emkhosini kwimida yawo eyahlukeneyo, kwaye ukubakho komlo opheleleyo oxhobileyo wawungaphezulu kokuqinisekileyo.
INkomfa yeAlgeciras
Ingxaki yokuqala yaseMorocco yahlala ingasonjululwanga ngenxa Izikhundla ezijamelana ngokuthe chatha phakathi kweJamani kunye nabantu abathi emva kweminyaka babe ziintshaba zayo. Ngokukodwa abaseBritane, ababezimisele ukusebenzisa umkhosi wokumisa ukuqhubela phambili kweReich. AmaFrentshi, awoyika ukoyiswa kumlo wamajoni namaJamani kumhlaba waseYurophu, kwelinye icala ayengekho emfazweni.
Okokugqibela, nasemva kwemizamo yoonozakuzaku, Ingqungquthela yeAlgeciras. Esi sixeko sikhethwe kuba sikufutshane nendawo enongquzulwano nakwindawo engathathi cala, nangona kunjalo España ngelo xesha yayimiswe kancinci kwicala laseFranco-Bhritane.
Ukuhanjiswa kwemimandla yempembelelo eMorocco ngokweNkomfa yeAlgeciras yowe-1906
Amazwe alishumi elinesithathu athathe inxaxheba kwinkomfa: Ubukhosi baseJamani, uBukhosi base-Austro-Hungary, i-United Kingdom, i-France, i-Russian Empire, i-Spain yase-Spain, i-United States, i-Kingdom yase-Italiya, i-Sultanate of Morocco, i-Netherlands, i-Kingdom of Sweden, Portugal, Belgium kunye nobukhosi base-Ottoman. Ngamafutshane, amagunya amakhulu ehlabathi kunye namanye amazwe abandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kumbuzo waseMoroccan.
Ukuphela kwengxaki yokuqala yaseMorocco
Emva kweenyanga ezintathu zothethathethwano, nge-17 ka-Epreli Umthetho weAlgeciras. Ngalesi sivumelwano, iFrance yakwazi ukugcina ifuthe layo kwiMorocco, nangona yayithembisile ukwenza uthotho lohlaziyo kule ndawo. Izigqibo eziphambili zenkomfa zezi zilandelayo:
- Indalo eMorocco yoMkhuseli waseFrance kunye noMkhuseli omncinci waseSpain (yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini, omnye ubusemazantsi eli lizwe ukanti omnye ubheke emantla). Isivumelwano seFez 1912.
- Ukusekwa kobume obukhethekileyo beTangier njengedolophu yamanye amazwe.
- IJamani iyalahla naliphi na ibango lendawo eMorocco.
Ngapha koko, inkomfa yeAlgeciras yaphela ngokubuya umva eJamani, owayenamandla omkhosi waselwandle ngokucacileyo ongaphantsi kobo baseBritane. Nangona kunjalo, Ingxaki yokuqala yaseMorocco yavalwa ngobuxoki Ukungoneliseki kwamaJamani kwabangela imeko entsha ngo-1911. Ngamanye amaxesha indawo yayingeyiyo iTangier, kodwa Agadir, imeko entsha yoxinzelelo lwamazwe aphesheya eyaziwa ngokuba yiNgxaki yesiBini yaseMorocco.