Njengakwamanye amazwe aseScandinavia, i Umculo wabantu baseNorway uneengcambu kumaxesha aphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, imiboniso yokuqala ebhaliweyo isusela phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ngumculo othi, ngaphandle kwempembelelo yobuKrestu engenakuphikwa, ophefumlelwe ziintsomi ezindala zobuhedeni ukusukela kwixesha lamaVikings.
Lo mculo, ochazwe njengolula kunye novuyo, wawungenayo enye injongo ngaphandle koko ukonwaba nokudanisa. Kwaye nangona ngaxa lithile yaphuma kwisitayile kwaye yayisecicini lokunyamalala, okwangoku ifumana ubudala obutsha begolide. Isizathu: izizukulwana ezitsha zibuyise umdla kwi Imbali yaseNorway namasiko ayo amadala.
Imvelaphi yomculo wesiNorway
Isiko iimvumi ezaziwayo zasesitalatweni kwizixeko eziphambili zelizwe (Oslo, Bergen kunye neTrondheim) ibuyela emva esiphelweni samaXesha Aphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, kususela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX xa iimanyano eziphambili zomculo zisekiwe kwaye amanani okuqala amakhulu avela.
UGeorg von Bertouch, UJohan Daniel Berlin y UJohan Henrik Berlin zithathwa, phakathi kwabanye, njengooyise bomculo wesintu waseNorway. Ezinye zeekanti zakhe okanye iziqwenga zomdaniso zisenziwa nanamhlanje ziimvumi ezisencinci ezizama ukugcina nokudlulisa eli lifa lenkcubeko lixabisekileyo.
Iindidi zomculo wabantu baseNorway
Umculo wabantu baseNorway ungahlulahlulwa ngokwamacandelo amabini abanzi: umculo wesixhobo y umculo wezwi.
Umculo womculo
Ikhulelwe ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ukuba idanise. Inkqubo ye- Imidaniso yaseNorway (yaziwa njenge Umnxeba), Yimidaniso edlalwa ngokwamaqela okanye ngababini. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imo yokudanisa ebizwa ngokuba iholo. Iingoma ezihamba nale mingqungqo zihlala ziqanjwa kabini okanye kathathu.
Los zigqithise, ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa Imidaniso yokuthandana ngaphambi komtshato, zidityaniswa nemihla ethile yekhalenda ephawulwe ngokukodwa njengokuvuna okanye iKrisimesi, kodwa nakwimitshato, imingcwabo neminye imibhiyozo.
Umculo womculo
Olu hlobo lomculo wesintu waseNorway lubonakalisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko:
- La umculo wesami, eyaziwa ngokuba nesimbo esikhethekileyo sezwi esibizwa joyik. Isandi sayo siyathelekiswa nengoma yesiko leenkcubeko ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba ziZizwe zokuQala zaseMntla Melika.
- La umculo wesintu weengcambu zaseJamani ibonakaliswe ngeebhaladi ezicothayo (kwad) kunye neengoma zoopopayi, zihlala zilungiswa (USteve).
Isiko leekwayala
Ukongeza kwezi zimbini zeentsomi, ukubaluleka kwe umculo wekwayala, indala nangaphezulu kwale idlulileyo. Iikwayala, ezixhaphake kakhulu kwijografi yeli lizwe, zezinye zeempawu eziphambili zabantu baseNorway. Isixeko sase UVolda, umzekelo, ngenani labemi abangama-6.000, alikho ngaphantsi kwe-20 iikwayara ezisebenzayo. Kunyaka wonke kukho imithendeleko emininzi kunye nokhuphiswano oluvuselela ulindelo olukhulu kunye nomdla.
La Umbutho weSizwe waseNorway weeMvumi zaBantu, eyasekwa ngo-1923, inamalungu amalunga nama-6.000 kwaye idibanisa ngaphezulu kwekhulu imibutho yasekuhlaleni.
Izixhobo zomculo zaseNorway
Esona sixhobo siqhelekileyo kumculo wesintu eNorway yivayolin. Luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwevayolin, olunentambo ezintlanu ezifanayo kunye neemilo ezingagobanga kangako I-Hardanger violin. Esi sixhobo saqulunqwa kumazantsi eli lizwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
IHardanger ithathwa njenge Isixhobo sesizwe saseNorway. Isenokuba kukuvela kwesixhobo sakudala saseScandinavia. Lubalasele ngokuhombisa kwalo okuntsonkothileyo kunye nesandi esicacisayo. Kule vidiyo ilandelayo ungonwabela isampulu entle yendlela le vayolin yaseNorway imnandi ngayo:
Ngokwesiqhelo iziqwenga zomculo zitolikwa ngu ivayolini enye. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi ezinye izixhobo zemveli zaseNorway onokuhamba yedwa. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- El bukkehorn okanye uphondo lwebhokhwe.
- El uhadielek, uhlobo lwe-zither.
- El izela, ixilongo lendabuko laseScandinavia.
- La iqulathe nembande yomngcunube.
- El intle, Efana necacinet.
IVeki yoMculo waBantu
Eyona ndlela yokufumana kunye nokonwabela umculo wesintu waseNorway kukuya kwi folkemusikkveka (Iveki yoMculo weNorway Folk). Lo mnyhadala, owawubanjwe ukusukela ngo-1976, ugxile kwicandelo lomculo nangona ubhiyozela inkcubeko yelizwe ngazo zonke iintlobo zalo ngendlela ebanzi.
Ikomkhulu le folkemusikkveka yidolophu yase IHallingdal, emi malunga neekhilomitha ezili-100 emantla ntshona kwikomkhulu, iOslo. Esi sixeko sincinci yindawo yokuhlangana enkulu yazo zonke iivayolin ezinkulu kwilizwe liphela. Ngale veki, iindwendwe zingaya kuzo zonke iintlobo zemiboniso yomculo, ukusuka kwiikonsathi zangokuhlwa ukuya kukhuphiswano lokudanisa. Ikwabonelela ngethuba elihle lokutya ezinye zeesitya ezinkulu zaseScandinavia.