Imeko-bume e-Australia

Imeko-bume e-Australia yahluke kakhulu kwaye ityebe kakhulu. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba sithetha ngelizwe elikhulu kunye phantse ezizigidi ezisibhozo zeekhilomitha, ngaphezulu kwamaxesha alishumi elinesihlanu amakhulu kuneSpain. Ngapha koko, lelesithandathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni.

Ngesi sizathu, ukuthetha ngokusingqongileyo e-Australia kukuthetha ngokwahluka okukhulu, malunga nenani elibalulekileyo leentlobo zezityalo kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ngezilwanyana izilwanyana ezizodwa emhlabeni. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale ndawo intle kangaka, siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke nokufunda.

Injani imeko-bume eOstreliya?

Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, okuninzi Ostreliya Inemihlaba eyomileyo entlango. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iyantlukwano enkulu yeendawo zokuhlala ezivela apha amahlathi akweleenjiko phezulu Uhlobo lwe-alpine-heaths Kwaye zisisiphumo seentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu.

Konke oku, kunye nokuzahlula umhlaba wayo, kukhokelele kwinxalenye enkulu yezityalo kunye nezilwanyana Indawo yokuhlala. Njengoko uyazi, le ngcamango ithetha ukuba bakuloo ndawo, kodwa akukho ndawo kwenye indawo. Ngokukodwa, ngaphezulu kwamashumi asibhozo eepesenti zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Kwiintlanzi eziselunxwemeni ezipholileyo, inani le-endemism liphezulu ngama-XNUMX eepesenti, ngelixa iipesenti ezingama-XNUMX zeentaka zakhona zifumaneka kuphela e-Australia. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha, siza kuthetha nawe malunga nezityalo kwaye, ngakumbi ezo zilwanyana, kuba le yokugqibela Ndifuna ukwazi.

Imeko-bume e-Australia: iintyatyambo

Kubalulekile kwaye kuyingqayizivele utyani beli lizwe ukuba luqwalasele lonke iintyatyambo ubukumkaniIhlelo apho umhlaba omkhulu weplanethi yethu ucwangciswe phantsi kwawo unezityalo ezifanayo.

Ngokutsho RL Ukuthetha, UNjingalwazi weBotany kwiYunivesithi yaseQueensland, indawo yase-Australia yahlulwe yangamacandelo emvula, i-eucalyptus kunye namahlathi omnga, i-savanna, i-steppes kunye ne-maquia. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lwenziwa siseti yezihlahla ezingapheliyo.

Kuzo zonke ezi zityalo, oko kubizwa ngokuba Amahlathi emvula aseGondwana, ibhengeziwe Ilifa lehlabathi ngu-UNESCO. Yindawo enkulu ephantse ibe ngamawaka amane eekhilomitha phakathi kweVictoria neQueensland elikhaya lemithi emininzi yakudala. Ayisiyiyo ndawo yodwa e-Australia enesihloko. Kwakhona Isiqithi sefraser yiNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi ngu iipayini zayo ezinkulu ze-kaurís kunye neeferns zayo zangaphambili. Kukwanokuthethwa okufanayo ngeefowuni Iintaba eziBlue, ebekwe eNew South Wales, kunye neepaki zayo zelizwe ezisibhozo kunye namatye ayo amangalisayo e-karst kwiiCave zaseJenolan.

Umqobo omkhulu wekorale

Nangona lo omnye ummangaliso wendalo ungenanto yakwenza nezityalo okanye izilwanyana, kubalulekile ukuba sithethe ngayo kwinqaku elizinikele ekuthetheni ngendalo e-Australia.

Ingxondorha inkulu ehlabathini, enobude obungaphezulu kwamawaka amabini eekhilomitha kunye nobubanzi obukhulu bamakhulu amathathu, kwaye ibaleka kwinxalenye elungileyo yonxweme olusempuma-mpuma yelizwe inika iziqithi ezininzi. Ime malunga neQueensland, ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo ekuthiwa yile ulwandle lwekorale.

Nangona ngamanye amaxesha kuye kwathiwa sesona silwanyana sikhulu emhlabeni, eneneni inamathambo angamawaka eekorale ze-Scleractinia. Kufakwe uxinzelelo olukhulu lwezinto eziphilayo kwezi ntsalela.

Nangona kunjalo, lo mmangaliso wendalo, njengabanye abaninzi, usongelwa ngokunzulu kukufudumala komhlaba kunye nongcoliseko. Kusemngciphekweni wokuloba ngokungalawulekiyo kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ezinje ngesithsaba somqhele wameva esonakalisa ikorale.

Ukuba iGreat Reef igqityiwe, enye Iigugu zendalo zeplanethi. Kodwa, ukongeza, i-ecosystem yeentlobo ezininzi zofudo lwaselwandle, imikhomo, amahlengethwa kunye neengwenya kunye nee-dudongs ziya kutshatyalaliswa. Ezi zokugqibela zizilwanyana ezizodwa zosapho lweeSirenid ezithe zahlala njengommeli kuphela wohlobo lwazo. Kwaye oku kusikhokelela ekubeni sithethe nawe malunga nezilwanyana zase-Australia.

Imekobume e-Australia: izilwanyana

Ukuba iintyatyambo zaseAustralia ziyamangalisa, kunjalo nakwezilwanyana, ezineentlobo ezininzi Indawo yokuhlala. Sele sikuxelele ukuba phantse amashumi alithoba eepesenti zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zinjalo, njengepesenti enye yeentlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kukuba le fauna ibandakanya izilwanyana eziphakathi kwe ndinomdla ngakumbi zehlabathi. Siza kukuxelela ngezinye zazo.

Ikhangaru nezinye izinambuzane

Eyona nto idume kakhulu kwezi zilwanyana, de ibe yenye yeempawu zase-Australia. Le asiyondawo yokwenza inkcazo yesayensi yee-kangaroo. Siza kuzilinganisela ekukuxeleleni ukuba bangabosapho luka IiMarsupials zeMacropodinae kwaye kukho iintlobo ezintathu zelizwe: ikhangaru ebomvu, ngwevu empuma kunye nengwevu yasentshona.

Kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela i-marsupial e-Australia. Kananjalo banobuhlobo koala, i wombat okanye Ingcuka yaseTasmanian. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchanekileyo kwesi siqithi sisilwanyana esahlukileyo: the UMtyholi waseTasmania, ethi, ngaphandle kwegama eloyikekayo, ilingane nenja encinci kwaye inoboya obumnyama kakhulu obumnyama. Mhlawumbi igama layo libangelwa livumba elingathandekiyo elinikwayo kunye nokukhala kwalo okuphazamisayo.

I-dingo okanye ingcuka yase-Australia

Ihleli kumazwe ase-Australia kangangeminyaka engamawaka amahlanu, ngaxeshanye nabemi bokuqala, idingo ithathwa njenge Inzala yengcuka ye-asian. Nangona kunjalo, ikwabizwa ngokuba Inja yasendle kuba yabelana ngeempawu ezininzi kunye neecanids zasekhaya. Ngapha koko, ngokwezinye ithiyori, inokuba yiyo eyandulelayo.

Ukufika kwabantu baseYurophu e-Australia, bawela izinja zabo nezi zilwanyana. Ke ngoko, i-dingo emsulwa isemngciphekweni wokuphela. Oku kuthetha ukuba, kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe, luhlobo olukhuselweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iyaqhubeka izingelwa.

Njengomdla, siya kukuxelela ukuba luhlobo oluthile Kulula kakhulu ukuyilawula kunengcuka yaseYurophu. Ngesi sizathu, e-Australia ziye zasetyenziswa njengezilwanyana zasekhaya nkqu ngabomthonyama. Nangona kunjalo, xa ixesha lokukhwelana lifika (ngesiqhelo kube kanye ngonyaka) bahlala bebaleka.

I-monotremes, i-platypus emangalisayo

Kubizwa njalo, monotremes, ukuya izilwanyana ezincancisayoOko kukuthi bazala ngamaqanda. Okwangoku, ziintlobo ezintlanu kuphela zazo ezilondoloziweyo kwaye ezimbini zezomthonyama e-Australia. Inye ngu echidna, Ifana nehedgehog.

Kodwa okunomdla ngakumbi kukuba iplatypus, uve malunga nayo ngokuqinisekileyo kuba sesinye sezona zidalwa zibalaseleyo kubukumkani bezilwanyana. Kuyathakazelisa kangangokuba, xa izazinzulu zaseBritane zaboniswa ulusu ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, babecinga ukuba yinto ehlekisayo leyo.

Ngokubanzi, iplatypus ikhangeleka ngathi yidada empumlweni yayo, kodwa umsila wayo ufana nowebhiya kwaye imilenze yayo ifana neyethole. Njengokungathi konke oku akwanelanga, iinkunzi zohlobo zineentlobo zemilenze yazo yangasemva ekhupha ityhefu. Ayibulali ebantwini, kodwa ibangela iintlungu. Kwaye, ukongeza, banee-electroreceptors ezinamandla ezibanceda bafumane amaxhoba abo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bayazifumana ngombane oveliswe yimisipha yazo.

Inomdla kakhulu kwesi silwanyana kangangokuba, okoko safunyanwa, kuye kwaba yinto efundwa ngu ibhayoloji yendaleko. Ngenye indlela, luphawu lwase-Australia. Ngumqondiso weNew South Wales kwaye iyavela kwingqekembe engamashumi amabini eesenti.

I-dugong

Sele sikuxelele malunga nedugong, ke ngoku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni isilwanyana saselwandle esisesona sodwa esidlayo kwaye esona sihlobo sayo sisondeleyo kwindlovu, enomdla, kuba eyokuqala ivumelane ngokugqibeleleyo namanzi. Kodwa, kwiilwandle zase-Australia kukho ezinye iintlobo ezinomdla.

Iingwenya

Inxalenye yendalo esingqongileyo e-Australia yeyaloluhlobo i-cocodrylus porosus, yeyona inkulu ehlabathini. Le colossus eyiyo inokufikelela kwiimitha ezisixhenxe ubude kunye newaka elinamakhulu amahlanu eekhilogram ubunzima. Ngesi sizathu, sisilwanyana esigqibeleleyo, minyaka le, esibulala abantu abaliqela. Iqela lezi zilwanyana kuthiwa lixheliwe lamawaka amajoni aseJapan awayehlala eRamree Island yaseBurma ngo-1945.

IEmu

Enye into enomdla eOceania yile ntaka inkulu ingabhadlanga. Ngapha koko, yeyesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kweenciniba. Ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezi ntlobo, siza kukuxelela oko amaqanda abo aluhlaza mnyama, ngokungafaniyo nezo zibeka ezinye izidalwa zehlabathi leenkukhu.

Iinyoka

Okokugqibela, siza kukuxelela malunga neenyoka zommandla wase-Australia. Eli lizwe linelona nani likhulu labo Inetyhefu emhlabeni. Ezona ziyingozi zezi inyoka yeleli y Ingwe malunga nabasemhlabeni kunye nabosapho I-Hydrophiinae ngokolwandle.

Ekugqibeleni, okusingqongileyo kwi Ostreliya yenye yezona zinto zahlukileyo emhlabeni. Ngesi sizathu, ineentlobo ezinomdla njengezo sikuxelele ngazo. Kwaye kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zamacilikishe kunye neentlanzi ezoyikekayo ezinje nge inkunzi ukrebe. Ke ngoko, ukuba uhamba kwilizwe laselwandle, uya kubona izilwanyana ezizodwa emhlabeni.