Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu, ithetha ntoni le nto "intaba endala" Ngolwimi lwesiQuechua, yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kwindalo yaseMelika yangaphambi kweColumbian. Le dolophu, ebekwe phantse amawaka amabini anamakhulu mahlanu eemitha ngaphezulu kwe Intlambo Engcwele yeInca, kwingingqi yasePeruvia Cuzco, uye wabhaptizwa njengo isixeko esingcwele y Isixeko esilahlekileyo.

Kodwa kukwabonisa inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwale dolophu yangaphambi kweColumbian kwaye yenye yezona ndawo zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi eLatin America. Ixeliwe Ilifa lehlabathi Ngo-1983, yayiluhlobo lwenkunzi eyaziwayo ngoku Ingcwele yeMbali kaMachu Picchu, ekwabandakanya yomibini imiba ye Urubamba umlambo kunye nomthambeka ongasempuma we IAndes yasePeru ngamahlathi ayo amafu eeyung kunye nekhephu elingapheliyo. Ukuba ukhe wacinga ngokundwendwela iMachu Picchu kwaye ufuna ukuyazi kancinci ngaphambi kokuya, siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke nokufunda.

Ukufunyanwa kwakhona kweMachu Picchu

Uyifunde ngokuchanekileyo, sithetha malunga nokufunyanwa kwakhona kweMachu Picchu kuba ngenene, esi sixeko asilahlekanga. Kuyinyani ukuba ngamaxesha okoloniyali yayisele ishiywe ngokuqhubekayo kuba yayikude neendlela ezintsha zorhwebo. Kodwa, sele inkulungwane ye-XNUMX, iinkampani ezazifuna ukwenza ushishino ngobuncwane bazo zihlala kuloo ndawo. Ngokukodwa, iCompañía Anónima Explotadora de las Huacas del Inca del Alemán UAugusto Berns Ngewayethengise yonke into awayeyifumana apho kubaqokeleli beNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.

Kodwa into esinokuthi kukufumanisa okwangoku kweMachu Picchu kungenxa yabantu ababini. Ngolandelelwano lwamaxesha, eyokuqala yayinguCuzco UAgustin Lizárraga, owayesele ngo-1902 washiya umbhalo kwiTempile yeLanga ukubonisa ukuba wayekho kwiqela labanye abalandeli bezinto zakudala. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umlinganiswa yesibini.

Umhloli waseMntla Melika uHiram Bingham Ufike kule ndawo ngo-1911 kwaye wachukumiseka kangangokuba wakwazi ukuqala isifundo kwisixeko saseInca. Ngokukodwa, ibandakanya iYunivesithi yaseYale, uMbutho weSizwe weJografi kunye noRhulumente wasePeru uqobo. Ngele ndlela, UMachu Picchu wazalwa ngokutsha njengoko sisazi namhlanje, sizazisa kwihlabathi emva kwenqaku iBingham elapapasha iziphumo zalo ngo-1913.

Umlando omncinci

Nangona kufunyenwe ubungqina bokuba ezolimo bezisenziwa kule ndawo ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMXth BC, isixeko saseMachu Picchu sakhiwa njalo Pachacutec, ubukhosi be-Inca empire, malunga ne-1450. Echukunyiswe ngumlingiswa ongcwele wale ndawo, wafuna ukufumana i illacta okanye isixeko solawulo kunye nenkolo ye-Andes esembindini.

Emva kwexesha, uMachu Picchu wayengowe-caudillos Tupac yupanqui y Huayna Capac, kodwa yayiphulukana nokubaluleka ngokubhekisele kwezinye iidolophu ezikule ndawo, ngakumbi xa unxibelelwano olutsha lwenza ukuba kungafuneki ukuba iikharavani zorhwebo zidlule kuyo.

Inkcazo yeMachu Picchu

Into yokuqala eya kukumangalisa kwisixeko saseAndes yindlela egcinwe ngayo kakuhle, kunye nolwakhiwo lwedolophu olukrelekrele. Indawo eyakhiweyo inommandla oqikelelweyo we ikhulu lamawaka eemitha zesikwere yahlulwe yangamalunga nekhulu elinamanci asixhenxe anesibini. Kwakhona, iingcali zahlulahlula kwiindawo ezintathu.

Icandelo lezolimo

Yenziwe ngeseti ye inyathela ngamathambeka endulini. Iindonga zamatye zixhasa indawo nganye yokulima, ethi yona yenziwe ngumhlaba oneentunja ohambisa amanzi kakuhle nomhlaba wokulima. Babecwangciswe kakuhle kangangokuba babekhonza njengomhlaba wezolimo de kwaba li-XNUMXs yokuqala. Ngokunjalo, kula masimi kukho uthotho lolwakhiwo oluye lwasebenza njenge zokugcina oovimba.

Inxalenye yedolophu

Yeyona ibaluleke kakhulu kwiMachu Picchu kwaye yahlulwe kwangaphambilini ngo Udonga elikwicandelo eliphezulu elingumnyango wokungena kwi-citadel. Oku kungohlulwa hanan okanye icandelo eliphezulu, apho izakhiwo zobukhosi zikhona, kunye hurin okanye icandelo eliphantsi, apho kwakuhlala khona iiklasi ezithandwayo. Njengoko i-axis yokwahlula phakathi kwaba babini kukho isikwere soxande. Kodwa, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kukuba uyazi ezona zakhiwo zibalaseleyo zedolophu.

Itempile yelanga

Sisakhiwo esinexande esinefayile ye- gcina Yayakhiwe ngamatye aqingqiweyo kwaye yayijolise ekubhiyozeleni isolstice kaJuni. Ngaphantsi kwayo kukho umqolomba ekusenokwenzeka ukuba wakhonza njenge umngcwabo. Kukho nentelekelelo yokuba inkosi iPachacutec inokuba yangcwatyelwa apho.

Isikwere esingcwele

Lo mgangatho wenziwe ngezakhiwo ezininzi ekubonakala ukuba zazisetyenziselwa amasiko ahlukeneyo. Ezimbini zezona zibalaseleyo kwindawo yonke yezinto zakudala zibonakala: Itempile yeeWindows ezintathu, zakhiwe ngeebhloko ezinkulu zamatye ezimilo zininzi, kunye Itempile enkulu, ecaleni kwayo kukho umnxeba Indlu yombingeleli.

Royal Palace

Kukholelwa ukuba kungenxa yokuba yayisesona sakhiwo sigqibeleleyo kunye nesona sakha sikhulu phakathi kwezo zohlobo lwaseburhulumenteni. Inamagumbi amabini amakhulu aneentsimbi, igumbi lezinto eziluncedo, ikhorali kunye nethambeka. Ukongeza, ibekwe phambi kweNdlu yeLanga.

I-Intihuata

Yipiramidi enyathelekileyo enesiseko esinamacala amaninzi. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu le Ilitye le-Intihuatana, into engokwesiko enxulumene nokunqula iLanga. Ukongeza kwezo zonqulo, iphiramidi yayinemisebenzi yeenkwenkwezi.

Indlu yoMhlaba kunye nelitye elingcwele

Iyahambelana namasiko emiselwe ukuphucula izivuno kunye nokwenza imbeko emhlabeni. Ukongeza, eli litye lithe caba liphawula isiphelo esisemantla senqaba.

Iqela leCondor

Ikhondomu yenye yezilwanyana ezingcwele kwi Inta iintsomi. Kwaye kule seti yezakhiwo ezininzi kukho iliwa elibonakala ngathi limele le ntaka. Kufuphi nayo unokufumana iseti yeendawo zokuhlala eziphezulu kunye nemiqolomba yokusetyenziswa kwesiko.

Iqela lamaMortars

Sesona sakhiwo sikhulu esixekweni kwaye yonke into ibonisa ukuba yayingu Acilahuasi, uhlobo oluthile lweemonki apho babehlala khona iiacylas, ezazinikezelwe kuphela kwinkolo nakwimisebenzi yobugcisa. Igumbi eliqingqiweyo apho kukho izidumbu ezimbini zetyhula zime kwiqela. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukusebenza kwezi yayizizithethe, kuba ziya kugcwaliswa ngamanzi ukuze iinkwenkwezi zibonakale. Kukho izibingelelo kunye nobunye ubungqina bokuba izithethe zenziwa kwindawo enzima.

Kwikota yesithathu yamaSango

Yenziwe ngezindlu, iindibano zocweyo, iindawo zokugcina kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo olubonisa ukuba yayiyindawo leyo ethandwayo.

Izinyuko zemithombo

Sisinyuko esinyukayo esibaleka ngaso iingxangxasi ezilishumi elinesithandathu ngamajelo aqingqiweyo elityeni ngokwalo. Umbane uvela emthonjeni owawukwindawo ephezulu yesixeko kwaye wawusele uthunyelwe ngexesha lobukumkani. Inkqubo nayo yenzelwe ukucoca amanzi emvula nokuyijikisa kwijelo eliphambili.

Inxalenye yeekwari

Yayihlala kwindawo ephezulu yeMachu Picchu kwaye, njengoko igama layo libonisa, kulapho ilitye lalikhutshelwa ulwakhiwo lweedolophu. Ikwanamanqaku aliqela izindlu zerustic Oko bekuya kuba likhaya labalindi esangweni eliphambili kunye nenkwali ngokwayo. Yindawo apho uninzi izixhobo zokusebenzisa mihla le Njengeepleyiti, iimbiza okanye iiaríbalos, imiphanda esetyenziswa kakhulu ziiInca.

Imimandla yaseMachu Picchu

Isixeko sasiyinxalenye yeendlela zorhwebo zommandla. Ke ngoko, yahlanganiswa Inethiwekhi yendlela ye-Inca, ezinye iindlela ezikusa kwezinye iindawo ezinomdla kakhulu. Umzekelo, lo ungasentla wakhokelela kwintaba ye Uhuayna Picchu, apho kukho iintsalela zezinto zakudala. Endleleni, uya kufumana kwakhona Itempile yeNyangaOmnye umzekelo womdla wale mpucuko Ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi.

Nangona kunjalo, eyona idumileyo yindlela esemazantsi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi Inca umzila. Iqala kubunzima be I-Llactapata kwaye uhamba ngeendawo zomsitho ze IPhuyupatamarca, sacmarca y UViay Waina. Kukufikelela kwiMachu Picchu ekhethwe ngabathandi bokuhamba ngeenyawo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukwenza olu khenketho, kuya kufuneka ubekwisimo njengoko sithatha iintsuku ezine.

Ufika njani eMachu Picchu

Ngokuchanekileyo oku kungasentla kusizisa kumxholo wendlela yokufika kwisixeko esingcwele. Ukongeza kwindlela yeInca, inye kuphela enye indlela yokuhamba kuyo. Imalunga nayo uloliwe oko kunyuka kuye Amanzi ashushu kwaye kuthatha malunga neeyure ezintathu ukusuka eCuzco. Ukuqala kule dolophu, kukho indlela eyakhiwe nguHiram Bingham.

Nangona kunjalo, asikukhuthazi ukuba uyenze ngemoto. Kungcono uthathe enye ye iibhasi eshiya iAguas Calientes. Kodwa gcinani engqondweni ukuba akukho zihlalo zibaliwe. Abokuqala ukufikelela emgceni ngaba bakhweleyo kwaye, xa isithuthi sigcwele, sishiya i-citadel.

Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba useholideyini eLima kwaye ufuna ukutyelela iMachu Picchu. Eyona nto unokuyenza kukuthatha i- inqwelomoya eya eCuzco emva koko ulandele iindlela esizibonisileyo ngaphambili.
Kodwa, ukuba unexesha, ungalwenza uhambo ungene ibhasi. Umendo odlulayo Huacachina ichibi kwaye Arequipa inomdla kakhulu.

Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokundwendwela iMachu Picchu

Isixeko saseAndes sinemozulu ekhethekileyo. Yindawo eneentaba ethi kwangaxeshanye ikhuselwe ziintaba zeSalkantay kunye neVerónica. Ke ngoko, iintsuku zihlala zifudumele kwaye zimnandi. Nangona kunjalo, indawo inezikhululo ezibini: ezimanzi nezomileyo.

Okokuqala kuhamba ukusuka kuNovemba ukuya kuMatshi kwaye ina kakhulu. Ngapha koko, i-Inca Trail ivala ngoFebruwari. Nangona kunjalo eshushu, ngamaqondo obushushu ajikeleze amashumi amabini ama-degrees Celsius. Ngokubanzi, imvula ingena emva kwemini, kodwa ingawa nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngapha koko, izikhokelo zohambo lwasekhaya ziyakucebisa ukuba uhlala unxiba i-raincoat ukuba uya eMachu Picchu, nokuba kwixesha elomileyo, kuba kunganetha nanini na enyakeni.

Ngokwenxalenye yayo, eli xesha lokugqibela liyenzeka phakathi kuka-Epreli no-Okthobha. Iintsuku zihlala zikwanjalo kushushu, kodwa ubusuku bunjalo ibanda kakhulu, kwaye unokufikelela kwiidigri ezimbini ngezantsi kwe-zero, ngakumbi kwinyanga kaJuni noJulayi.

Ke ngoko, elona xesha lilungileyo lokundwendwela iMachu Picchu yinyanga ka NgoSeptemba, Ehambelana nexesha lasentwasahlobo apho. Imbonakalo yelizwe ikwindawo yayo eluhlaza eluhlaza kunye nokuhlangana okuncinci kwabakhenkethi ukuze ube noxolo lwengqondo ukufumana iifoto ozifunayo.

Lingakanani ixesha ekufuneka ulityelele eMachu Picchu

Ngokufanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka uhlale ubusuku obambalwa e-Aguas Calientes kwaye uzinikele usuku olupheleleyo Ukutyelela inqaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unexesha elincinci, unokukhetha ukhetho lokulala ngobunye ubusuku kuloo dolophu kwaye ngosuku olulandelayo unyukele eMachu Picchu kwaye unikezele usuku lokulubona de kube lixesha lokuba uye ezantsi ukuqala uhambo lokubuya.

Okokugqibela lukhetho olukhethwa ngabakhenkethi. Kodwa ungathatha uloliwe wokuqala ukusuka eCuzco kwaye ubuye kowokugqibela, unikezela usuku lokundwendwela isixeko esingcwele. Asikukhuthazi oko, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba nezinto ozozibona.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba, ukutyelela iMachu Picchu, kuya kufuneka uye ePeru. Kwaye ayisiyiyo indawo yesiqhelo eyenzeka amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ke ngoko, xa ulapho, lisebenzise ithuba lotyelelo lwakho kwaye thatha ixesha ukubona isixeko saseInca. Kufanelekile.

Ekugqibeleni, isiluleko sokugqibela. Xa undwendwela iMachu Picchu nxiba iimpahla ezintle, kodwa ungaze ubeke ibhulukhwe emfutshane okanye isikipa. Siyakuxelela kuba esixekweni kukho umkhosi wamajoni u mosquito. Azinkulu kakhulu kodwa ukuluma kwazo kuyacaphukisa. Kwaye, ukuba unxibe iimpahla ezimfutshane, unokuzibona ugcwele ngazo. Kwakhona, ungalibali isikhumba seoyile. Njengokuba besesitshilo, kungana nanini na.

Ukuqukumbela, iMachu Picchu yenye yezo ndawo ekufuneka zityelelwe kube kanye ebomini. I-icon ye-Inca empire, igcinwe kakuhle ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye iyamangalisa kwizakhiwo zayo nakuphawu lwayo. Ayilolize, yindawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi kwaye ikhethwe njenge Enye yezinto ezisixhenxe ezimangalisayo zeli hlabathi lanamhlanje.