La Habana, ikomkhulu elidumileyo nelidlamkileyo le Tyhubha, sisixeko esaziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Kuncinci okwaziwayo nangona kunjalo yimvelaphi yegama layo, ekukho iithiyori ezininzi. Kutheni le nto iHavana ibizwa njalo? Siza kukucacisela kule migca ilandelayo.
Okokuqala, kufuneka sibuyele emva kwiinkulungwane ezintlanu kwimbali, ukuya kumzuzu wokuzalwa kwesixeko. IHavana yasekwa ngonyaka we-1514, ukuba sesinye sezixeko zokuqala zaseSpain kwihlabathi elitsha. Igama lokuqala yayingu ESan Cristóbal de La Habana, Ngaphandle kokuchazwa ngokucacileyo inxenye yesibini yale ndawo igama. Ukongeza ukudideka okungakumbi, kwiimephu nakumaxwebhu embali kubonakala kubhalwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: Havana, Abana, Havana ...
Ukuqala ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kuyabonakala ukuba kwavunyelwana ngemvumelwano ethile xa kwathiywa igama lesixeko, kushiya igama laseHavana (ngo "b") lisungulwe ngokuqinisekileyo.
Kwaye iSan Cristóbal? Ngale ndlela akukho kuthandabuza: kubhekiswa kuko UChristopher oyiNgcwele waseLcia, umfeli-nkolo owenziwa idini ngexesha lokutshutshiswa kwamaKristu kumaxesha amandulo aseRoma. Imbali ithi lo mntu ungcwele uncede umntwana awele umlambo, oya kuthi kamva amtyhilele ukuba unguKristu ngokwakhe. Ngesi sizathu, iSan Cristóbal yeyona ngcwele yabaqhubi nabahambi.
Kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala, iHavana yayisisisiqalo kunye nokufika kwazo zonke iintlobo zabahambi, abarhwebi kunye nabakhenkethi, ngenxa yoko ukhetho lweli gama lwalungaphezulu kokuthethelelwa.
I-Havana: ithiyori yemvelaphi yegama layo
Ithiyori ezizama ukuchaza imvelaphi yegama lekomkhulu laseCuba zezona zahlukeneyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo enye yazo ichanekile, kodwa phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi eyiphi.
Inkcubeko yaseTaino
Ngokwababhali-mbali abaninzi, igama elithi "Havana" liya kuba njalo igama urhwaphilizo savanna, ntoni ngaphakathi ulwimi lwesiTaíno (le bathetha ngayo abemi bendawo ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseSpain) inokuthetha "indawo yasemaphandleni". Kuthiwa le yindlela awabizwa ngayo ummandla osemazantsi eHavana neMatanzas, ithafa elikhulu.
I-Tainos, abemi baseCuba abahlala
Enye ithiyori, ikhuselwe ngumbhali-mbali waseCuba U-Eusebio uLeal Spengler, Ukhusela ukuba igama lesixeko livela kwelo habaguanex, i-cacique enamandla eyayiza kulawula kwimimandla apho isixeko simi khona namhlanje kwiminyaka yangaphambi koloyiso lwaseSpain.
Njengomdla, kufuneka sikhankanye ithisisi eyingcingane yolwimi ebeka imvelaphi yegama leHavana kwigama lesiJamani Indawo, Oko kuthetha ukuba izibuko. Ithiyori iye yaphuka ngesizathu esilula: akukho maxwebhu okanye bungqina bubonisa ubukho kwesi siqithi sabaphandi baseJamani okanye baseNordic, nditsho neAnglo-Saxons, ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanish.
Iintsomi zamandulo
Mhlawumbi ingcaciso yemvelaphi yegama elithi Havana ifunyenwe kwenye yezo zininzi iintsomi zalapha abazalelwe ngexesha lokoyisa. Uninzi lweembali kunye nabaphengululi ababaniki ukuthembeka okukhulu, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko kufanelekile ukuba bazi.
Eyona idumileyo kuzo zonke, ubuncinci ngaphakathi eCuba, libali le Indiya Guara. Eli bhinqa liselula lathandana nomoyisi waseSpain, owayenokumlukuhla ukuba afumane ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo kuye: indawo yokuhlala yabantu bomthonyama efihlwe ehlathini ngelo xesha eyayigubungele indawo emi kuyo iHavana namhlanje.
UGuara wayibona impazamo yakhe emva kwexesha, xa wabona aboyisi behlasela idolophu kwaye babulala abantu khona. Ndiziva ndinetyala, uGuara waphambana waziphosa emlilweni. Xa bebona imeko, abo basindileyo kwintlekele baya kuphinda baphindaphinde igama elithi "abana", elithetha ngolwimi lwesiAruaca "uyaphambana".
Elinye ilivo, elibuhlungu nelinegazi kunelo langaphambili, liyangqina ukuba iinqanawa zokuqala ezazibambe phambi kwale nto namhlanje i-boardwalk yathumela uthotho lwamaphenyane kwilizwekazi. Njengokuba befika elunxwemeni, intombazana entle entle yaseIndiya yababulisa isencotsheni yelitye elikhulu. AbaseSpain bambuza igama laloo ndawo, apho umfazi wase-Indiya, esasaza iingalo zakhe ngokungathi ufuna ukujikeleza umhlaba wonke, waphendula ngegama elinye: "IHavana," ngaphambi kokunyamalala phambi kwamehlo abo ukuba bangaphinde babonwe.
IHavana, ikomkhulu laseCuba, kumfanekiso wangoku
IHavana ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanish
Nangona kukho amathandabuzo malunga noku, yamkelwe ngokusesikweni ukuba umhla wokusekwa kwe-Havana ngu-Novemba 16, 1514, xa ukubhiyozelwa kobunzima bokuqala kwenzeka kwisixeko esasisandul 'ukusekwa. Kodwa eneneni Imbali yale ndawo indala kakhulu kwaye, ngelishwa, yaziwa kancinci.
Indawo yokuqala yelali yaseIndiya eyandulela isixeko sobukoloniyali nayo ayaziwa, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho bungqina bembali bufunyenwe bunikela ubungqina ngako.
Ababhali-mbali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba banobungqina obaneleyo bokuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokuqala yaseSpain, ekwindawo enye nedolophu yemveli, ikho iikhilomitha ezimbalwa emazantsi endawo yangoku yeHavana. Esi sihlalo sokuqala sashiywa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye isixeko "sahamba" kuyo yonke iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bayo ukuya kwinqanaba elikufutshane Umlambo iAlmendares.
Okwangoku, ezi ziingcamango nje. Ukuba bekukho iHavana ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanish, ifihliwe emehlweni ethu.