Izizwe zemveli eVenezuela: Warao

Okwangoku eVenezuela sinokufumana ngaphezulu kwama-26 ezizwe ezahlukahlukeneyo zemveli: Akawayo, Añu, Arawak del Norte, Bari, Eñepa, Guajibo, Jodi, Kariña, Mapoyo, Pemon, Piaroa, Puinave, Pume, Saliva, Sape, Uruak, Warao, Wayuu , Yanomami, Yavarana, Yekuana, Yeral, Yurpa kunye neArawak del Sur. Kodwa kweli nqaku siza kungena esizweni I-Warao, idolophu yemveli ebekwe kwi-Orinoco delta, yenye yemilambo ebaluleke kakhulu eLatin America kwaye uninzi lwayo luhamba ngeVenezuela.

Ubudala be-Warao kwi-Orinoco Delta kunzima ukuyenza, kodwa izifundo zamva nje, ezisekwe kumacandelo e-ceramic, ziyaqinisekisa ukuba imvelaphi yayo isusela kwiminyaka eli-17.000 ngaphambi koKrestu. Ngale datha, yonke into ibonakala ibonisa ukuba esi sizwe sesona sidala eDelta naseVenezuela. Igama elithi Warao eliguqulelwe kwisiCastilian lithetha abantu beephenyane.

Okwangoku IWarao lelona qela lesibini likhulu eVenezuela ngasemva kweWayú ngenani labantu eliqikelelweyo lama-40.000. Nangona kwiminyaka engama-60 kukho iminyhadala eliqela ebinokuthi ikhokelele ekuphelisweni kwesi sizwe, njengokunyanjiswa kwetyuwa emanzini kunye nokwenza i-asidi emhlabeni, okubangele ukunciphisa ukuloba, Ndiyayazi indlela yokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezingqongileyo ezintsha, nangona ezi ziganeko zibangele imfuduko enkulu eya kwizixeko ezikhulu.

IiWarao zikwindawo ephakathi, yomelele kwaye ayinazintshebe. Njengokuba behlala bedibana rhoqo namanzi, umba wempahla awubalulekanga kubo kwaye bahlala besebenzisa ilaphu elincinci abadlula phakathi kwemilenze yabo kwaye behle phambi kwabo njengefaskoti. Endaweni yoko Abafazi banxiba ngeentsiba, imicu ye-curagua kunye neentsimbi zombini ezihlahleni ezinemilenze.

ULwimi

Ngokwedatha yakutshanje yoBalo lukaZwelonke lwaseVenezuela, ngokuhambelana nonyaka ka-2001, kungoku nje kukho ama-Waraos angama-36.000 abhalisiweyo. Kweli nani, abanye abangama-28.000 bazibhengeza njengezithethi zeWarao ngelixa I-3000 isebenzisa iSpanish njengohlobo kuphela lonxibelelwano. Ulwimi lwaseWarao olusetyenziswa ikakhulu sesi sizwe nangamaCreole amaninzi aseVenezuela.

Ukutya

Eyona ndawo iphambili yokutya, kusekwe kwi-Orinoco Delta Baloba i-morocoto kunye ne-guabina, kodwa bazingela neempuku ezincinci njenge-limpet kunye ne-acure, nangona zikwanobusi kunye nezityalo zeziqhamo zasendle. Kwindawo ezomileyo, oononkala ngoyena ndoqo wokutya. Imorike ngowona mthombo wokutya weWarao, owakhe wakhutshwa kumbindi womthi, kusetyenziswa inkqubo enzima, usetyenziselwa ikhekhe leyuruma. Ayisetyenziselwa ukutya kuphela, kodwa nesiqu salo mthi sisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yezandla kwaye njengomphelelisi wolwakhiwo, nokuba ziindonga, iisilingi, iibhlorho ... Olunye usetyenziso lwe-moriche yinto eyaziwayo iintlanzi zokuloba njenge-nahalda.

Ure, i-tuber esisityebi kwisitatshi ngokuhamba kwexesha Kuthathe indawo yesitatshi sokuziphatha kuba inokuvunwa unyaka wonke, etshintsha indlela otya ngayo eWaraos.

indawo yokuhlala

IWarao baqokelelwe kwiindawo ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ziirancherínjengoko, Zibekwe elunxwemeni lomlambo, kwaye zenziwe malunga nezindlu ezili-15, ezinokuhlala abantu abangama-200. Olu luntu lukhokelwa yirhuluneli, ukapteni kunye nomtshutshisi ophetheyo wokuququzelela zombini umsebenzi woluntu kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo zeWarao. Ezi zikhundla zihlala zinikezelwa emadodeni. Endaweni yezindlu, umthathi-zigqibo ngumfazi, ophethe ulawulo lwezoqoqosho lwasekhaya, ehambisa isivuno kunye nokuzingela phakathi kosapho.

Zonke izindlu zidityaniswe zodwa ngeebhlorho ezincinci ezenziwe ngezigodo, njengezindlu nje. Iindawo zokuhlala Zikhuselwe ngamagqabi esundu eTemiche kwaye ngamanye amaxesha baneendonga ezilandela isithethe sookhokho babo. Bakwasebenzisa iziqu eziyimfuneko ezivela kulo mthi ukwenza izindlu, ezihlala zijonge emlanjeni, kwaye zenziwe likhitshi elenziwe ngodongwe kunye nehammock apho banokuphumla khona, kuba ixesha elininzi abalichitha ngaphandle kwezindlu.

Kodwa ayizizo zindlu kuphela ezakhiwe kwi-delta yomlambo esetyenziswa zii-Morichales, ukusuka apho zikhupha khona i-moriche, ukuya ukwakha amancinci, amakhaya osapho olunye alula, egqunywe ngamagqabi omorike.

Iinkolelo

Iinkolelo zeWarao zinxibelelene nemimoya ebizwa ngokuba yi-Ake, ibonelelwe ngesizathu, isini kunye nentando abanokuthi babe nethemba ngayo, babi okanye bangathathi cala, kuxhomekeke ekuziphatheni kwabantu. Masibe sikho kuzo zonke izinto nakwimiba yobomi baseWarao, bakwangabo abalawula izaqhwithi, izikhukula, imbalela ... Ngaphakathi kweTiye, sifumana okuhle nokubi. I-Benign Hebu ifunyenwe kumacwecwe amancinci e-quartz ngelixa ezi zimbi zikhona egazini lokuya exesheni. Masikhe siqinisekise ukuba iWarao ihlala ngoxolo, ibonelela ngolungelelwano, uxolo kunye nemvisiswano eluntwini. Le mimoya iyavumelana ngombulelo kumsi weWina, owenziwe ngokusongela icuba ngegqabi leManaca.

Zothutho

Phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo, kuba akukho zindlela, iWarao isebenzisa imibhobho njengendlela yonxibelelwano. Eyona iindlela zothutho yi curiana okanye iphenyane ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje ibidibanisa iinjini zamandla asezantsi kwaye zenziwe kwilog enye eyembiweyo yatshiswa ngaphakathi ukuze ikwazi ukuyivula kwaye yolule amacala ayo.

umshado

Imitshato phakathi kweWarao ihlala isesikweni nabantu abavela kwezinye iindawo kwaye azenziwa ngokusesikweni ngomsitho. IiWaraos zithembekile kwesi sibini, zitshata zisencinci kakhulu, ngakumbi xa umfazi efikelela kwinqanaba lokufikisa.

imfundo

Ukungabikho kwamaziko emfundo, incinci imfundo yabo bayisekela ekuqwalaseleni nasekufundeni okwenziwa ngabantu abadala. Abadala bazinikezele ekusebenzisaneni nemfundo yabona bancinci, babalisa amabali apho amaxesha amaninzi, isiphumo sokugxothwa eluntwini. Ngale ndlela bafunda ukuba yintoni na imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla kwaye bafaka imigaqo yentlalo elawula uluntu.

Imisebenzi yezandla

IiWaraos bezisoloko ziziingcali kwiiceramics kwaye ubungqina boku zizinto ezininzi zeceramics ezihlangulwe kukomba olwenziwe kwi-Amacuro Delta. Namhlanje basezingcibi ezibalaseleyo, kodwa abazinikeli njengakudala kuphela kwiiceramics, kodwa basebenzise izityalo zemoriche kunye nomthi wesangrito yenza iibhasikiti, izacholo zomqala, izilwanyana, ii-sebucanes, iimanares, amantombazana amahle, chinchorros de moriche...

isiko

IiWaraos zidume ngokuba ngabantu abonwabileyo nabonwabileyo. I-repertoire yemidaniso eyahlukileyo kunye neengoma zabo ibanzi kakhulu. Ezona zixhobo zomculo ziphambili zindala, ezinje nge-dau-kojo, i-najsemoi, i-kariso kunye ne-mujúsemoi (eyenziwe nge-tibia yexhama). Kodwa bangasebenzisi kuphela izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zookhokho babo, kodwa sebenzisa maraca, igubu lolusu igubu kunye nevayolin yaseYurophu.