U-Ondense Manuel Alfonso Ortells, inkumbulo ephilayo yeMauthausen

UOndense Manuel Alfonso Ortells uhlala eBordeaux.

UOndense Manuel Alfonso Ortells ngoku uhlala eBordeaux.

U-Ondense Manuel Alfonso Ortells wayengomnye wabantu abangaphezu kwama-10.000 XNUMX baseSpain abagxothelwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso kunye nabambalwa abaseleyo namhlanje ukuba babalise ngayo. UManuel Alfonso Ortells ngumdwebi wekhathuni. Ubusindisile ubomi bakhe ukuba aye kusebenza eofisini ekwakhiweni kwentsimi kwaye enze umzobo wephonografi ukuze anike ukutya. Kwiminyaka engama-94, uhlala eBordeaux. Apho ugcina ubuncwane bakhe: ifolda ezele yimizobo eyenziwe ngephepha lezicwangciso zentsimi. Akazange abuyele eSpain ukuze aphile.

UManuel Alfonso Ortells wazalwa ngo-1918, kwaye ngokuka ingxelo epapashwe nguEl PaísUkusuka kwincoko yokuqala efowunini, le nonagenarian inika umbono wendoda engenakuphumla enomdla wokwabelana ngamava ayo kwiinkampu zamaNazi. Okwangoku kwisitulo esinamavili, unomoya oqinisekileyo naxa ukhumbula ezona ziganeko zibuhlungu. Unesisa, uyahlekisa, uvalo, njengoko kudlulisiwe kwincwadi yakhe yobomi Ukusuka eBarcelona ukuya eMauthausen. Iminyaka elishumi yobomi bam. Uyibhale ngo-1984, njengoko ebeka, kwimemori kwaye kunzima nokufunda amava abanye abagxothiweyo. Ngaphambi kokufumana umshicileli, wenza iikopi ezingama-60 ngesandla, esebenzisa iikopi, zabantwana bakhe, izihlobo kunye noovimba; bonke babengafani.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni wayenomdla kwimifanekiso ekwiphephancwadi TBO, kunjalo Ndifunde ukuzoba kwisikolo se ceramic sase Onda (Castellón). Ekuqhambukeni kweMfazwe yamakhaya wazinikela kwiKholamu yaseDurruti yasentsomini, wayephambi kweAragon; Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva wachongwa njengesajini kwaye kumlo wadutyulwa ngomatshini kufutshane nomda. Wakwazi ukubalekela eFrance, apho wayeza kunyathela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseFrance kwaye abhalise kwiinkampani zabasebenzi bamanye amazwe. Kwenye yazo, ngoSeptfonts, wakwazi ukuthenga ngokufihlakeleyo, ukuba kunokwenzeka njalo, ipensile, iphedi yomzobo kunye nephepha lokubhala ukuthumela iileta kunina. Obo ke bobona butyebi bakhe abuthandekayo.

Iziqhushumbisi zanda, iParis yawa ngoJuni 1940, waza uPétain watyikitya umkhosi waseJamani. Ii-Ortell zabanjwa ngumkhosi waseJamani eSt. Dié (Vosges) zaza zatshintshelwa eStalag XI B, apho azobe khona ikopi yepensile yomfanekiso kanina, efanayo naleyo wakwazi ukuyifihla kwinkampu yaseMauthausen, ethintela ukubekwa esweni ngamaNazi kwaye ngoku uyakubonisa ngokuziqhenya ekhayeni lakhe.

“Ukufika kwethu ngololiwe babebaninzi kuthi, malunga nama-800, kwaye babengazi ukuba mabenze ntoni kuthi sonke! Basifaka enqabeni nazo zonke izinto zethu. Ndayisebenzisa kwaye ndafihla izinto, iipensile, iphepha, iifoto, umzobo kamama, konke ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza ... kumatrasi. Khange basibhalise de yangomso, nto leyo eyayinqabe kunene. Lo mzobo wawukunye nam de kwaba yinkululeko, ifihlwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, phantsi kwamakhwapha ngethuba lokuhlolwa kweenkampu… ”. Umzobo usindise ubomi bakhe, uhlala ephinda. Ukuthanda kwakhe ukuzoba kunye nokusayina nentaka encinci, uphawu lomnqweno wakhe wenkululeko, kwagqiba kwelokuba abizwe ngegama El Pajarito. Ngobuqhetseba bakhe, ngokuthe ngcembe wazithemba ukuthembela kubaphathi bakhe, esenza iicaricature zabahlobo bakhe kunye neeposikhadi zeKrisimesi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha afumana isabelo esongezelelekileyo sokutya esitshintshisa ngemizobo yamanyala.

Malunga neenyanga ezintlanu usebenze kumda wamandla akhe kumyalelo weStrassenbau, onikezelwe kulwakhiwo lwendlela yaseMauthausen. Indlala, umsebenzi kunye nokubanda, kubanda kakhulu, ebusika. Ngequbuliso, ngoMeyi 1941, bambanga kwi bauburo, iofisi yeenjineli kunye neeplani zokwakha intsimi zenziwe. Bamnika uvavanyo, waluphumelela kwaye wasebenza apho de kwangumhla wenkululeko. “Kwakukho amabanjwa ayiliPolle, amaCzech, amaYugoslava, amaBelgian, amanye amaFrentshi; i kapo WayengumJamani, kwaye kwakukho abantu baseSpain abane: uMunoz, umzobi waseValencian nomzobi; UPérez, igrafikhi eselula evela eMadrid, nabanye ababini ababe-odolo lwe-SS. Ndade ndabona nomzobi olungileyo ongumJuda waseRussia, uSmolianoff, owayengumqambi owenza imali yamaphepha esiNgesi egameni lamaNazi ”. Ebaleni wadibana no-Otto Peltzer, iimbaleki yase-Jamani eyaphumelela iimitha ezingama-800 kwimidlalo ye-Olimpiki yase-Los Angeles ngo-1932. Wayevalelwe eMauthausen ngenxa yobufanasini nokuchasa iingcinga zamaNazi.

Kungekudala wabona omnye umsitho owawuza kumothusa kwaye awubonakalise komnye wemizobo yakhe ekrwada kunye nemibala. Kwinkwali, ezinye AmaJuda angamaDatshi akhwela kwizinyuko ezili-186 zokuphakamisa ukolula kunye nabahlobo babo abafileyo nabanegazi. "Ndabona eli qela lamabanjwa endilitsalile lishukumisa abafileyo babo iingalo zabo zijinga phantsi kunye nezinyuko ezinomkhondo wegazi kwabanye abaswelekileyo." Utsho xa ebonisa umzobo wakhe Ubumbano, apho ibonisa uncedo lomgxothwa ngesuti enemigca kwelinye ibanjwa ngaphandle kwamandla okuma. I-Spanish Federation of Deported and Internees Internees (FEDIP), eyadalwa ngo-1945 yaza yachithwa ngonyaka we-2000, yeza isitampu kulo mzobo ngendlela yesitampu sokuposa.

Emva kwenkululeko, u-Ortells wazinza eBordeaux; Wayengenako ukuzinikezela ngokomsebenzi wokuzoba, kodwa ezinye zazisetyenziselwa ukubonisa iincwadi. Wadibana nomfazi wakhe, uNatividad Eguiluz, owatshata naye ngo-1949 kwaye waba nabantwana. Ngaphambi kokuvala incwadi yakhe ye-scrapbook, u-Ortells udweba umzobo wokugqibela, lowo wazenzela eBordeaux. Ehleli ngaphezulu kufudo, ulandela utolo olubonisa indlela eya eSpain. Ukuhleka kuchaza: “Ngokuqinisekileyo, Ndizobe ndinje, njengomntu ongangxamanga ukubuya, ngesantya senkumba".

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