EColombia, ilizwe elinenkcubeko eninzi

Njengamanye amazwe amaninzi aseMelika, IColombia lilizwe elinenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo, ukunyibilika kwazo zonke iintlobo zeentlanga kunye nempucuko. Ngokuchanekileyo oku ubutyebi nokwahluka Le yenye yeendlela ezinkulu zokuzingca zabantu baseColombia kunye nenxalenye elungileyo yesiseko sayo esihlala kuyo.

Ukwahluka ngokwenkcubeko nokuziphatha kweli lizwe lase Mzantsi Melika ziziphumo ze Umxube wamaqela amathathu aphambili obuhlanga avela kumazwekazi amathathu ahlukeneyo: iMelika, iYurophu neAfrika. Le nkqubo yaqala ngokufika kweSpanish kwiinkulungwane ezintlanu ezidlulileyo kwaye iqhubekile ukukhula ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ngokufika kwabafuduki abavela kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba, bevela kumazwe aseAsia.

Kubalo lokugqibela olwenziwe eColombia, uninzi lwabemi (malunga neepesenti ezingama-87, oko kukuthi, ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-38 zabantu) zahlelwa "ngaphandle kobuhlanga." Oku kubonakaliswe kwidatha ye ISebe lezoLawulo leSizwe leeNkcukacha-manani (iDANE). Nangona kunjalo, inyani kukuba indawo enkulu yabemi, ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinci, sisiphumo sokungaziphathi kakuhle.

Ngokwenyani, olu didi lwe «ngaphandle kobuhlanga» lisebenza ukubandakanya uninzi lwabantu baseColombia abangenakubhalwa kumacandelo athile ngakumbi anje ngala Umntu waseAfrika-Colombian (phantse abantu abazizigidi ezi-3) okanye yemveli (1,9 yezigidi).

Amaqela aphambili eColombia

IColombia lelinye lawona mazwe aneenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neelwimi ezahlukeneyo. La ngamaqela abaluleke kakhulu:

Umdyarho oxubeneyo

Lelona qela likhulu. Ukungaziphathi kakuhle phakathi kwabantu baseYurophu kunye nabemi baseMelika baqala kwiminyaka yokuqala yoloyiso lwaseSpain. Inkqubo ye- mestizo iqela Yeyona ininzi eColombia kwaye ifumaneka rhoqo kuyo yonke loo ntsimi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-80% yabantu baseColombia banemvelaphi yobuhlanga kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseYurophu.

Abantu baseCaucasus

Liqela elincinci apho imvelaphi yaseYurophu iphambili. Inkqubo ye- abantu abamhlophe imele ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwesithathu sabemi bebonke baseColombia. Ukhokho wakhe ubukhulu becala yiSpanish kwaye, ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci, ikwayi-Italiyane, isiJamani, isiFrentshi kunye namazwe aseSlavic. UBogota kunye neMedellin Zizo zombini izixeko ezinepesenti ephezulu yabemi abamhlophe elizweni.

AmaAfrika aseColombia

Inani elipheleleyo labantu baseColombia ababandakanywe kweli qela liyahluka ngokwezifundo ezahlukeneyo, nangona isusela kwi-7% ukuya kwi-25%, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba amanye amaqela anje ngala mzantsiweb okanye palencoos. Kubonakala ngathi kukho isivumelwano esingakumbi kulwabiwo lwabantu AmaAfrika aseColombia, ngokucacileyo igxile kunxweme lwePasifiki. Kwi Isebe leChocó umzekelo, eli qela likhulu kakhulu.

Eli candelo labemi baseColombia linemvelaphi yalo kumakhoboka amnyama aziswe ngenkani evela kumazwe aseAfrika esiya eMelika. Namhlanje uMgaqo-siseko waseColombia uwaqonda ngokupheleleyo amalungelo, inkcubeko, amasiko kunye nezithethe zama-Afro-Colombians.

Umthonyama

Ipesenti yabemi bomthonyama eColombia incitshisiwe kakhulu kwinkulungwane ephelileyo kwaye namhlanje ime malunga ne-4-5%. Ngokobalo luka-2005, malunga nesiqingatha se abemi yelizwe ligxile kwi amasebe eLa Guajira, eCauca naseNariño. Umgaqo-siseko ka-1991 waqinisekisa ukwamkelwa kwamalungelo asisiseko aba bantu. Inkqubo ye- ukutyeba kwenkcubeko kunye nolwimi Aba bantu (iilwimi ezingama-64 zase-Amerindi ziyathethwa eColombia).

AmaArabhu

Ukuza kumazwe akuMbindi Mpuma afana neSyria okanye iLebhanon eyaqala ukufika kweli lizwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Kubalwa oko kukho malunga nezigidi ezi-2,5 zaseColombia ezinemvelaphi yama-Arab, nangona kuphela yinxalenye encinci yabo evakalisa ukuba bangamaSilamsi.

Inkcazo yenkcubeko yaseColombia

Iziphumo ezimibalabala zomxube wabantu baseYurophu, abemi bomthonyama kunye nabantu baseAfrika zivelisa intetho nenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo EColombia ilizwe elinenkcubeko eninzi njengabambalwa ehlabathini.

Kwi-substrate yenkcubeko yemveli yempucuko, iSpanish yongeza, phakathi kwabanye, ubuKatolika okanye inkqubo ye-feudal ye-encomienda, ukongeza kwigalelo lobuchwephesha belo xesha. Abantu baseAfrika, bethathwe njengamakhoboka kwihlabathi elitsha, beza neenkcubeko ezintsha kunye nezobugcisa, ngakumbi kwicandelo lomculo kunye nomdaniso. Emva kwe Ukuzimela kweColombia, iiCreoles zazama ukuseka inkqubo yezopolitiko eyahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala, ukuxubana kwamaqela ohlanga ahlukeneyo kwabangela ukusekwa kwamaqela amatsha obuhlanga.

Uyilo, ubugcisa obubonwayo, uncwadi, umculo, gastronomy… Kuzo zonke ezi ndawo zenkcubeko yaseColombia, ukudityaniswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kubakho njengotyebisayo.

Ingakumbi kwi intsimi yeelwimi IColombia ibalasele ngokwahluka kwayo. Inkqubo ye- españolOlona lwimi luthethwayo lolona lwimi lunezinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo. Kwelinye icala, iilwimi zemveli Zibubutyebi obuxabisekileyo benkcubeko obenziwe ngaphezulu kweelwimi ezingama-60, ezinemvelaphi yaseAmazonia emazantsi eli lizwe kunye nosapho lakwa-Arawak emantla.

Kwakhona inkolo njengentetho yenkcubeko iyayithatha le nkcubeko. Nangona uninzi lwabantu baseColombia ingamaKhatholika, njengombuso onganyanzelekanga, iColombia iqinisekisa inkululeko yonqulo kunye namalungelo ezinye iindawo zonqulo ezinjengeeVangeli, amaNgqina kaYehova, amaBuddha, amaSilamsi okanye amaJuda.