UNadaísmo nguColombia

Embindini wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX eYurophu, ngakumbi eFrance, kwavela umkhwa omtsha wokubhala kunye nefilosofi owaziwa njenge Ubukho. Ngokudibeneyo, kwelinye icala leAtlantic, i Akukho nto Ndazalelwa kwisixeko saseColombia I-Medellín ngeminyaka yoo-60.

Ukusukela ekuzalweni kwayo, iNadaísmo yenziwa njengenkcaso yenkcaso nakwifilosofi kwimeko yenkcubeko esekwe kwiziko lezemfundo, icawa kunye nesiko laseColombia. Ineziseko zayo kumbutho wokubhala ovele kweli lizwe, onomxholo omkhulu woqhanqalazo lwentlalo. Egameni lakhe sele kubonisiwe imvelaphi kunye nokuphela kweqela: akukho nto. Kukubonakaliswa kwesizukulwana esithuthunjiswa lusizi kunye nokuzahlula kwaye amalungu alo, ngesisa kunye nomdla, acebise ubuhle obufanele ukuba kwangaxeshanye butshabalalise kwaye buyile.

INadaísmo yayiyinto ebalaseleyo ye-avant-garde yangoku ehlaziye yaguqula kwakhona intsingiselo yobukho bomntu ngendlela entsha ngokupheleleyo. Yonke into ebalulekileyo kunye nomyalezo wayo wabanjwa kwihlabathi lobugcisa: imidlalo yeqonga, umculo kunye, nangaphezulu, imibongo.

UGonzalo Arango, 'umprofeti' waseNadaísmo

Oyena nyusi uphambili weNadaism UGonzalo arango (1931-1976), onomfanekiso obonisa umxholo wale posi.

UArango wayengumbhali, umbongi, intatheli kunye nomdlali odlalayo. Ebizwa ngegama 'uMprofeti' ngoogxa bakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseAntioquia, ngeenxa zonke kuye iqela labantu abancinci ababenomdla. Aba baya kutyikitya eMedellín ngo-1958 Imanifesto yokuqala yeNadaism phantsi kwesiqubulo esithi: "musa ukushiya inkolo eqinileyo okanye isithixo endaweni yaso." Yiyo ke loo nto wazalwa engomnye wabambalwa bokwenyani benkcubeko yaseMelika.

Phakathi kwabantu bayo ababalaseleyo, ukongeza kwiArango, babenjalo UAlberto Escobar Angel, UEduardo Escobar, UDariyo Lemos, UHumberto Navarro y UAmílcar Osorio, phakathi kwabanye. Bonke bephela bavela eAntioquia.

Abo bantu babengafuni nto bazichaza ngaphezulu kwabo bonke ii-nonconformists kunye nee-freethinkers, bahlala bekulungele ukuphakamisa amazwi abo bekhalazela ulawulo lwentlalo olulawulayo: ubuhlanga, oohlohlesakhe, izithethe ezilondolozayo ... Kodwa bebechasene novukelo oluninzi ngeenjongo zobuzwilakhe kunye nemikhosi yoncwadi lomkhosi.

Nangona kunjalo, ubuNadaism babunecandelo elithile le-iconoclastic elinokumfumana uninzi lwe-antipathies. Beqhutywa kukungavumi kwabo ukwala oko bakubiza ngokuba "lwazi olungenachroniki lwaseColombia," iiNadaistas incwadi enempikiswano evuthayo ePlazuela de San Ignacio eMedellín ngo-1958. Kunyaka olandelayo, baba nesibindi Ukonakalisa iNkomfa yokuQala yeeNgcali zamaKatolika, isiganeko esakhokelela ekubanjweni kukaGonzalo Arango ngokwakhe.

Ngokumangalisayo, 'umprofeti weNadaism' wayeza kugxothwa ngabalandeli bakhe kwiminyaka elishumi kamva. Ekuboniseni inkxaso yakhe kumongameli UCarlos Lleras Restrepo, kwathiwa ungumngcatshi. UGonzalo Arango ngokwakhe wayeza kuyishiya intshukumo awayeyincede ngokwakhe ngaphambi nje kokuba afe kabuhlungu kwingozi yemoto eneminyaka engama-45.

Isiseko seNadaism

Nangona yabelana ngeempawu kunye neenjongo zezinye iinkcubeko zangoku ezinje nge intshukumo Nguyen North America okanye I-Camus kunye ne-Sartre yobukho baseFranceNgokwenyani, ubuNadaism yindalo yoqobo ngokupheleleyo enobuntu bayo. Ezi ziziseko okanye iimpawu eziphambili:

Independencia

INadaism khange abe phantsi okanye athobele nawuphi na umbutho, umbono okanye iqela lezopolitiko. Yayiyindlela echanekileyo ka-Arango kwilizwe lezepolitiki elamlahlekisa ngokwaliwa ngama-nadaist awayesabelana nawo ngee-adventures ezininzi kunye neengcinga.

Ngendlela efanayo, yayiyipesenti yentshukumo yentsusa kwaye isuswe ngokupheleleyo kuyo nayiphi na ingcinga yaseYurophu okanye efanelekileyo.

Rupturism

Imithetho engqongqo yobugcisa beqhina lehlabathi elalifanele laphulwe. Iimbongi zeNadaist zenqabile ukuhlonipha imigaqo metric kunye nesingqisho xa befuna indlela eyahlukileyo yokuthetha, engenangqondo kwaye ekhululekile.

Lo ubuhle kunye nokuchaza ngokucacileyo ikwaze iprozi, ebijolise kokungenangqondo nokungavakaliyo. Ngandlela ithile yayikukuphanda kukhangela ulwimi olutsha loyilo.

Ubuntu

Enye yeenjongo ezintle zeNadaism yayikukuba yazisa inkcubeko, kude kube ngelo xesha kulawulwa zizigaba ezilawulayo zaseColombia.

Kwelinye icala, bezilahla ngokucacileyo izithethe kunye nenkolo yangaphambili, amaNadaist ayikhusela loo ndoda phila ngokupheleleyo ubukho bakho ngaphandle kokuyeka naluphi na ukhetho kubomi bakho.

Ukuziphatha kakubi

Ukususela kumzuzu wokuqala, amaNadaists akhulelwa intshukumo yabo njengento yethutyana. Nantsi indlela ekufanele ukuba: Ngokwenkcazo, inguquko ayinakuhlala ngonaphakade, kodwa kufuneka ndife ukwenza indlela elandelayo. Ngaphandle koko, ubeka umngcipheko wokuba yile nto uyithiyileyo.

Ababhali kunye nemisebenzi ebalaseleyo yeNadaísmo

Ngenxa yemeko yakhe njengomdali weNadaism, imisebenzi ye UGonzalo arango bakwenza umqolo weli xesha loncwadi kunye nefilosofi. Ke, phakathi kwabona bameli baninzi sele kuchaziwe apha ngasentla Imanifesto yokuqala yeNadaist (1958) Ihempe ezibomvu (1959) Isini kunye nesaxophone (1963) kunye Ukusuka kwinto engekhoyo ukuya kokuNgento (1966).

Abanye ababhali ababalaseleyo beNadaist abafanele ukuqaqanjiswa zezi zilandelayo:

• UEduardo Escobar, umbhali odumileyo nembongi oqhubeka nokupapasha namhlanje. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwayo kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele Ukuveliswa komdiliya (1966) I-nadaism engapheliyo kunye nezinye izifo ezingubhubhane (1991) kunye Ukuphela kuphelile (2017).
• UJaime Jaramillo, umbhali wezincoko nombhali-mbali. Wayengumbhali, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi, Eminye imiba yobuntu baseColombia (1969).
• UAmílcar Osorio (aka Amilkar U. Kamva) uthathelwa ingqalelo kunye noArango njengomseki omkhulu wombutho weNadaist. Ngokumangalisayo, umsebenzi wakhe obhaliweyo unqabile, kodwa iingcinga zakhe kunye nokubonakaliswa kwakhe kube nefuthe elikhulu. NjengoArango, wayeza kuphelisa ukwahlukana namaNadaistas kwaye wayeza kufa ngaphambi kwexesha ngo-1985.
• Elmo valenciaUmbhali we isiqithiada (1967), ithathele ingqalelo imbali ebaliweyo yale ntshukumo yenkcubeko.