Ummandla wezinto zakudala waseTierradentro, eCauca

Obunye bobuncwane obukhulu bempucuko yangaphambi kweColombia Kholambiya ikwi Ipaki yeSizwe yaseTierradentro. Indawo yokugcina izinto zakudala yabhengezwa njenge-UNESCO ngo-1995 kwaye ikwindawo ye- ISebe laseCauca, ngakumbi koomasipala baseBelalcázar nase-Inzá.

Ezona ntsalela zigxile kwidolophu yase ISan Andrés de iPisimbalá, ummandla wethopholoji entsonkothileyo apho kukho iintaba nemiqolomba yendalo. Ipaki ithathwa njenge Enye yezinto ezisixhenxe ezimangalisayo zaseColombia.

Ukufunyanwa kobuncwane bezinto zakudala

Nangona iSpanish sele ifumene izinto kunye nezinye izinto zempucuko yakudala kwingingqi yaseTierradentro ngexesha lobukoloniyali, ukufunyanwa okuyinyani kunokuba ngumhla we-1936. UAlfredo Navia, Irhuluneli yeSebe laseCauca, igunyazise isifundo sokuqala esinzulu sommandla.

UGeorg burg Wayeyi-geologist ekhokele ukuphononongwa kweziza ezibalaseleyo zommandla weTierradentro, enkosi ngoncedo oluxabisekileyo lwabalimi bendawo. Ke, izinto ezininzi, izikhumbuzo kunye neendawo zichongiwe.

Ngomsebenzi ococekileyo kunye neendlela, iBurg yajikeleza iindawo zomlambo, yenza ukumbiwa, iindlela ezivuthayo kwihlathi, kwaye zakha iinkcukacha imephu yezinto zakudala yengingqi.

Ukwakha umsebenzi weBurg, amaqela ahlukeneyo e-archaeologists aqhubekile nokuphonononga indawo kwaye achonga iindawo ezininzi zakudala ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje.

Iindawo zakudala zeTierradentro

Endleleni edibanisa iidolophu zaseSan Andrés de Pisimbalá naseNeiva kukufikelela kwiindawo eziphambili zezinto zakudala zaseTierradentro. Kuwo wonke ummandla esiwufumanayo amangcwaba angaphantsi komhlaba okanye i-hypogeakunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamatye.

Ipaki yezinto zakudala yakhiwe ngokujikeleza iindawo ezintlanu eziphambili:

• IAlto del Aguacate.
• UAlto de San Andrés.
• ULoma de Segovia.
• IAlto del Duende.
• IPlank.

Ukongeza kwezi ndawo kufanelekile ukutyelela iimyuziyam ezimbini I-Tierradentro: i-archaeological kunye ne-ethnographic. Zombini zibekwe kwidolophu yaseSan Andrés.

Hypogea

Ngaphezulu kokuhlala kwabantu, iTierradentro yayintle kakhulu necropolis ehlala indawo engaphezulu kwe-2.000 yeekhilomitha zesikwere. Amangcwaba abekwe kwiindawo ezininzi, eyona ndawo imelwe kakhulu yile yaseSegovia. La magumbi okungcwaba agrunjelwe eliweni ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo asifikile ekwimeko entle.

I-hypogea inikela ubungqina kwimpucuko (ethe yabhaptizwa njenge "Tierradentro culture"), eyakuthatha ukufa njengenye inqanaba lobomi. Ukulandela Imizobo eludongeni kunye umngcwabo trousseau ifunyenwe kuzo kufunyaniswa ukuba ngaphakathi zenzekile imisitho yenkolo ngokunxulumene nothutho emva kobomi.

Uninzi lwamangcwaba aphangwa kwiminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu baseYurophu. Ubuncwane obugcinwe namhlanje kwiimyuziyam ziyinxalenye encinci yobutyebi bokuqala bezindawo.

E-Tierradentro kukho ii-hypogea eziyi-162 ezibhalisiweyo, ezinye zazo zifikelela kumlinganiso omkhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezili-12 ububanzi.

Imizobo kunye neziqwenga zezinto zakudala

Ezinkulu zikwatsala umdla wabahambi imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamatye ezakhulela kule ndawo, ngaphezulu kwama-500. Uninzi lwazo lwalufihlwe ehlathini kwaye aluzange lukubone ukukhanya kwakhona kude kube phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.

Le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo ibonakala imele amanani amajoni, nangona uninzi lwazo lukho zoomorphic. Zenziwe ngeenkcukacha ezinkulu kwaye zibonisa ngokucacileyo. Ezinye zazo zigqitha iimitha ezisixhenxe ukuphakama. Kungenzeka ukuba umsebenzi wabo yayikukusebenza "njengabagcini" bamangcwaba.

Okumangalisayo kukuba UJuan de Gertrudis, umntu wokuqala waseSpain ukufumana le mifanekiso ngo-1757, wayichaza njenge "Umsebenzi oqinisekileyo kaMtyholi". Okwangoku, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ibotshelelwe ukuthintela ukuphangwa.

Ukongeza kumangcwaba kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo, le mpucuko yangaphambi kukaColumbian isishiyele imizekelo emininzi yobungcali bayo kubugcisa bokwenza igolide. Amaziko olondolozo lwembali abonisa izacholo zegolide kunye neemaski ekucingelwa ukuba zazisetyenziswa kumasiko abo. Ezona zinomtsalane zibonisiwe kwindawo entle kakhulu IMyuziyam yaseBototá Gold.

Ndwendwela iTierradentro Park

Kude kube kutshanje, bekungenakwenzeka Ndwendwela iTierradentro Archaeological Park. Kwakunomsebenzi obalulekileyo wabanqolobi kuwo wonke lo mmandla (uninzi lwendawo lwalulawulwa yi-FARC).

Ngethamsanqa, le meko itshintshile kwaye namhlanje iTierradentro ifumana utyelelo kubakhenkethi nakwabafundi bezinto zakudala kwakhona. Utyelelo oluyimfuneko eColombia kuwo nawuphi na umthandi wembali.

Ukufikelela kwipaki kuxabisa i-35.000 pesos yaseColombia (malunga nee-euro ezingama-8). Kukho amaxabiso akhethekileyo abafundi, abathathe umhlala-phantsi kunye namalungu abantu bomthonyama bommandla. Abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-16 banokungena simahla. Ixabiso letikiti labakhenkethi kunye nabemi bamanye amazwe ngama-50.000 euros (malunga ne-11,5 euro).