Utyikityo loMthetho wokuZimela kweColombia, ioyile ngumzobi uCoriolano Leudo
Umhla osemthethweni wokubhengezwa Inkululeko yeRiphabhlikhi yaseColombia NguJulayi 20, 1814. Nangona kunjalo, ukutyikitywa koxwebhu olukhokelele ekudalweni kwalo Rhulumente mtsha kuphela sisiqalo senkqubo ethe yathatha ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka.
Eli xesha lembali lisusela kwiintshukumo zokuqala ezichasene nobukoloniyali ezazalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuya ekumiselweni kwenkqubo entsha yeRiphabhlikhi kunye nokupheliswa okuqinisekileyo kolawulo lobukoloniyali baseSpain. Ngokusisiseko, inkululeko yaseColombia yenziwa ngexesha elihambayo ukusuka ngo-1810 ukuya ku-1824. Sichaza iziganeko zembali kunye nezinto ezinomdla kakhulu kwezi nkcukacha zingezantsi:
Inkqubo yokuzimela kwemimandla yaseSpain eMelika yaphefumlelwa Izimvo ezikhanyisiweyo nezikhululekileyo zenkulungwane ye-XNUMX nakwiinkqubo ezinkulu zotshintsho lwexesha, ngakumbi Inkululeko ye-United States (1776) kunye Uvukelo lwaseFrance Ngo-1789. Eyona nto iphambili kuyo ifumaneka kwi- Uvukelo lweeComuneros ngokuchasene nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlukumeza i-viceroy ngo-1781.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Iberia Peninsula yimikhosi kaNapoleon ngo-1808 kwayifaka eSpain ingxaki enkulu. Ukulandela imodeli yesixeko, kwenziwa izixeko ezininzi zobukumkani IiBhodi zikaRhulumente. Ezinye zezi Bhodi zahlala zithembekile kwisithsaba, ezinye endaweni yoko zabonisa iminqweno yabo yokuzilawula kwasekuqaleni, bebona kwezi meko zembali ithuba lokufezekisa iinjongo zabo.
Indlu yeFlorero - iMyuziyam yoZimeleyo, eBogotá
Ukuqala kwenkululeko yaseColombia: La Patria Boba
Kude kube kukuzimela kwayo, indawo yaseColombia yayiqukiwe kwi Ukunyaniseka kweNew Granada, ezibandakanya neendawo ezikhoyo ze-Ecuador neVenezuela. Eli nqanaba lokuqala lombuso omtsha waseColombia waziwa ngegama lika isidenge sasekhaya, Ebonakaliswa lixesha lesiphithiphithi nelizele ziingxabano.
Into ekuthiwa sisiganeko se Llorente ivasi ngonyaka we-1810 uthathelwa ingqalelo njengomsitho ophelise ubukho bokunyaniseka.
I-Llorente Vase
Esi siganeko sembali sibonakala ngathi siyisibhengezo. Umrhwebi waseSpain UJose Gonzalez Llorente wala ukuboleka ivazi IsiCreole (AmaMelika anemvelaphi yaseYurophu) eyayiza kusetyenziswa kutyelelo lwe-regent UAntonio Villavicencio, umxhasi wenkululeko. Oku kungavisisani kwakusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ukungoneliseki kweeCreoles nokuphakamisa imimoya yenguqu kunye nokubhengeza uRhulumente omtsha waseJunta okhokelwa ngu UJosé María Pey de Andrade.
La Indlu yevase, apho yonke yenzeke khona, kungoku nje ihlala ii Inkululeko Museum.
Amaphondo eManyeneyo eGranada eNtsha
Ngo-1812 ukuzalwa kwe- IRiphabhlikhi yamaPhondo aManyeneyo eNew Granada, Umbungu wexesha elizayo kwiColombia. Le rephabliki, enomsebenzi wobumbano, yadibana nenkcaso evela kwabo bathanda ukuba ilizwe elitsha libekwe njengombuso omnye.
Ukungavisisani kukhokelele kwi Imfazwe yamakhaya phakathi kwamafelistist kunye nabazimeleyo. Ungquzulwano lwaqhubeka de kwangowe-1815, xa omabini la macala ethathe isigqibo sokujoyina imikhosi ebusweni besoyikiso semikhosi yasebukhosini, eyayifuna ukubuyisela ulawulo lwaseSpain kuloo mmandla.
Ukufunyanwa kwakhona kweSpanish kweNew Granada
Xa UFerdinand VII ikwazile ukubuyisela ucwangco eSpain, yathunyelwa kumazwe aseMelika ukuya UPablo Murillo, obizwa ngokuba "ngumenzi woxolo", ngemishini yokuphinda aboyise ubugqwetha.
Ngexesha lephulo lomkhosi isixeko sase ICagagena de Indias wahlupheka a ukungqinga Ihlale iintsuku ezingama-102 ngaphambi kokuwela ezandleni zaseSpain.
Ukoyiswa komkhosi wamaqela azimeleyo kwalandelwa yingcinezelo ekrakra eyaziwa njenge Ixesha loloyiko, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kubanjwe abantu abaninzi aze abulawe.
Iphulo lenkululeko kunye nokuzimela okuqinisekileyo kweColombia
Emva kongenelelo lomkhosi waseSpain, i-Independentas yathatha ixesha ukuzilungisa. Kodwa ngo-1818 Iphulo lokukhulula phantsi komyalelo USimon Bolivar, eyayincedwa ngamaNgesi. Eli phulo lafikelela kwi Idabi likaBoyaca (Ngo-1819), ngokoyiswa okuqinisekileyo kweeroyalists, kwanyanzeleka ukuba barhoxe eCagagena de Indias.
UBolívar wangena eBogotá nge-10 ka-Agasti ngo-1819. Ukusukela ngoko, ukusuka kwikomkhulu lelizwe elitsha elizimeleyo laseColombia, amanyathelo omkhosi ahlanganiswa ukuze kuphele iipokotho zokugqibela zeSpanish.